Twahara · 01 kati ya 08
Kadi za pochi
Twahara
الطهارةṬahārah
Uhakiki wa wanazuoni: unasubiriwa
Maandishi haya yanatoka kwenye maktaba ya machapisho ya Sabīl. Uhakiki wake wa wanazuoni bado unaendelea; kila kipengele kitaonyesha majina ya wahakiki wake na tarehe mara tu wanazuoni wawili watakapokitia saini.
Tafsiri ya rasimu: imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na bado haijasomwa na mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha. Pale mstari usipoeleweka, onyesha Kiingereza na utegemee Kiarabu.
Mistari inayohusu hukumu huonyeshwa kila mara pamoja na Kiingereza cha chapa chini yake. Mstari ambao rasimu yake haikupita ukaguzi huonyeshwa kwa Kiingereza pekee.
Twahara na Udhu
الطَّهَارَةُ
Aṭ-ṭahārah
Hakuna swala inayokubaliwa bila twahara. Hukumu za madhehebu yote manne, kando kwa kando.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
No prayer is accepted without purity. The rulings of all four madhāhib, side by side.
2 · Udhu — matendo ya faradhi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 · Wuḍū — the obligatory acts
3 · Yanayotengua udhu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 · What breaks wuḍū
4 · Josho — kuosha mwili mzima
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 · Ghusl — the full washing
5 · Tayamamu — twahara kavu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 · Tayammum — dry purification
6 · Kupaka juu ya khufu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
6 · Wiping over khuffayn
7 · Najisi — uchafu na kuuondoa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
7 · Najāsah — impurity & its removal
8 · Hedhi, nifasi na istihadha
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
8 · Ḥayḍ, nifās & istiḥāḍah
Ḥ = Hanafi · M = Maliki · S = Shafii · Ḥb = Hanbali. Madaraja ni kwa mujibu wa al-Albani isipokuwa pale inapotajwa vinginevyo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ = Ḥanafī · M = Mālikī · S = Shāfi‘ī · Ḥb = Ḥanbalī. Gradings per al-Albānī unless stated.
02Udhu — faradhi zakeWuḍū — the obligations
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ
Bismillāh
Anza kwa Bismillāh, kisha fuata mpangilio ulio hapa chini, kila tendo mara tatu isipokuwa pale inapoelezwa vinginevyo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Begin with Bismillāh, then the sequence below three times each unless noted.
1 Mikono hadi kwenye vifundo
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 Hands to the wrists
2 Sukutua kinywa · 3 Pandisha maji puani
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 Rinse the mouth · 3 Rinse the nose
4 Uso — kuanzia maoteo ya nywele hadi kidevuni, kutoka sikio hadi sikio
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 The face — hairline to chin, ear to ear
5 Mkono wa kulia hadi kwenye kiwiko, kisha wa kushoto
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 Right arm to the elbow, then left
6 Paka maji kichwa — mara moja
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
6 Wipe the head — once
7 Paka maji masikio — ndani na nje
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
7 Wipe the ears — inner and outer
8 Mguu wa kulia hadi kwenye kifundo, kisha wa kushoto
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
8 Right foot to the ankle, then left
Bukhari, Muslim — udhu wa Uthman ـؓ · sahihi
Matendo mangapi ni faradhi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
How many acts are farḍ
Ḥ · manne — uso, mikono, kupaka ¼ ya kichwa, miguu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ · four — face, arms, wipe ¼ of the head, feet.
M · saba — huongeza nia, kupaka kichwa chote, kusugua (dalk) na kufuatanisha bila kukatiza (muwālāt).
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
M · seven — adds niyyah, wiping the whole head, rubbing (dalk) and continuity (muwālāt).
S · sita — huongeza nia na mpangilio (tartīb); sehemu ya kichwa inatosha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
S · six — adds niyyah and order (tartīb); part of the head suffices.
Ḥb · sita — kichwa chote pamoja na masikio, tartīb, muwālāt.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥb · six — whole head with the ears, tartīb, muwālāt.
Kuosha kiungo mara moja kunatimiza faradhi; mara tatu ndiyo Sunna. Usizidishe kamwe zaidi ya tatu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Washing a limb once fulfils the obligation; three is the sunnah. Never exceed three.
03Yanayotengua udhuWhat breaks wuḍū
Yaliyokubaliwa na wote
Chochote kinachotoka katika njia ya mbele au ya nyuma.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Anything exiting the front or back passage.
Usingizi mzito ambao ndani yake utambuzi hupotea.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Deep sleep in which awareness is lost.
Kupoteza fahamu — kuzimia, ulevi, wazimu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Loss of consciousness — fainting, intoxication, insanity.
Chochote kinacholazimisha josho hutengua udhu pia.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Whatever obliges ghusl also nullifies wuḍū.
Yenye hitilafu
Kugusa utupu — hutengua kwa mujibu wa M, S, Ḥb; hakutengui kwa mujibu wa Ḥ.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Touching the private part — breaks per M, S, Ḥb; does not per Ḥ.
Kugusana ngozi na mtu wa jinsia nyingine — hutengua moja kwa moja kwa mujibu wa S; kwa mujibu wa M na Ḥb ni pale tu panapokuwa na matamanio; hakutengui kwa mujibu wa Ḥ.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Skin contact with the opposite sex — breaks per S outright; per M and Ḥb only with desire; does not per Ḥ.
Damu inayotiririka, usaha au matapishi — hutengua kwa mujibu wa Ḥ; havitengui kwa mujibu wa M, S, Ḥb.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Flowing blood, pus or vomit — breaks per Ḥ; does not per M, S, Ḥb.
Nyama ya ngamia — hutengua kwa mujibu wa Ḥb; haitengui kwa mujibu wa wale watatu wengine.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Camel meat — breaks per Ḥb; does not per the other three.
Kugusa mkono wa mwanamke katika tawafu — hufuata hukumu iliyo hapo juu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Touching a woman’s hand in ṭawāf — follows the ruling above.
Nyama ya ngamia: Muslim · sahihi. Kugusa: Q 5:6 — aw lāmastum, inayosomwa kwa maana yake ya dhahiri na S.
Kanuni ya shaka
الْيَقِينُ لَا يَزُولُ بِالشَّكِّ
Al-yaqīnu lā yazūlu bish-shakk
Yakini haiondoki kwa shaka. Ukiwa na yakini kwamba ulikuwa na udhu na huna hakika kama umeutengua, bado unao.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Certainty is not removed by doubt. If you are sure you had wuḍū and unsure you broke it, you still have it.
Muslim · sahihi — “mpaka asikie sauti au ahisi harufu.”
04Josho
Linapokuwa faradhi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
When it is obligatory
Kutokwa na manii kwa matamanio, ukiwa macho au usingizini.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ejaculation with desire, waking or asleep.
Kujamiiana — iwe manii yametoka au hayakutoka.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Intercourse — whether or not ejaculation occurs.
Kumalizika kwa hedhi na kwa nifasi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The ending of ḥayḍ and of nifās.
Kifo — hufanywa na walio hai kwa maiti.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Death — performed by the living upon the deceased.
Kuingia katika Uislamu — faradhi kwa mujibu wa Ḥb, mustahabu kwa mujibu wa wengine.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Entering Islam — obligatory per Ḥb, recommended per others.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — “Sehemu mbili zilizotahiriwa zinapokutana, josho huwa faradhi.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — “When the two circumcised parts meet, ghusl is obligatory.”
Namna yake
1 Nia, kisha osha mikono.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 Intention, then wash the hands.
2 Osha najisi yoyote iliyo mwilini.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 Wash away any impurity from the body.
3 Tawadha udhu kamili.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 Perform a complete wuḍū.
4 Mimina maji kichwani mara tatu, ukiyafikisha kwenye mashina ya nywele.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 Pour water over the head three times, working it to the roots.
5 Mimina upande wa kulia, kisha wa kushoto, hadi ngozi yote ilowe.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 Pour over the right side, then the left, until all skin is wetted.
Bukhari, Muslim — josho la Maymuna na la Aisha ـؓ · sahihi
Matendo ya faradhi: Ḥ huhesabu matatu — kusukutua kinywa, pua, na kulowesha mwili mzima. M, S na Ḥb hushurutisha nia na mwili mzima; M huongeza kusugua na kufuatanisha bila kukatiza. Mwanamke halazimiki kufumua misuko yake kwa janaba, ila kwa hedhi tu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Farḍ acts: Ḥ counts three — rinsing the mouth, the nose, and wetting the whole body. M, S and Ḥb require intention and the whole body; M adds rubbing and continuity. A woman need not undo her braids for janābah, only for ḥayḍ.
Muslim · sahihi — hadithi ya Umm Salama ـؓ
05Tayamamu
فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا
Falam tajidū mā’an fatayammamū ṣa‘īdan ṭayyiban
“na hamkupata maji, basi likusudieni vumbi lililo nzuri.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
“And you find no water, then take clean earth.”
Q 5:6
Inaporuhusiwa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
When it is permitted
Maji hayapo, au ni machache mno kutosha kunywa na kujitwaharisha kwa pamoja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Water is absent, or too little for both drinking and purifying.
Ugonjwa au jeraha ambalo maji yangelizidisha au kuchelewesha kupona kwake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Illness or a wound that water would worsen or delay healing.
Baridi kali bila njia ya kuyapasha maji moto.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Severe cold with no means to warm the water.
Maji yapo lakini hayafikiki bila hatari ya kweli.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Water is present but unreachable without real danger.
Namna yake
Tia nia, piga udongo safi kwa viganja vyote viwili, puliza kilichozidi, paka uso, kisha mikono.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Intend, strike clean earth with both palms, blow off the excess, wipe the face, then the hands.
Ḥ, S · mapigo mawili — uso kwanza, kisha mikono hadi kwenye viwiko.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ, S · two strikes — face first, then the arms to the elbows.
M, Ḥb · pigo moja — uso na mikono hadi kwenye vifundo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
M, Ḥb · one strike — face and hands to the wrists.
Bukhari, Muslim — hadithi ya Ammar ـؓ · sahihi
Hutenguliwa na chochote kinachotengua udhu, na kwa maji kupatikana. Huchukua nafasi ya udhu na ya josho pia. Tayamamu moja kwa kila swala kwa mujibu wa S; hudumu hadi itenguliwe kwa mujibu wa Ḥ, M na Ḥb.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
It is nullified by whatever nullifies wuḍū, and by water becoming available. It substitutes for both wuḍū and ghusl. One tayammum per prayer per S; it lasts until nullified per Ḥ, M and Ḥb.
06Kupaka juu ya khufu
Badala ya kuosha miguu, mtu anaweza kupaka maji juu ya soksi za ngozi au viatu vinavyofunika vifundo vya miguu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
In place of washing the feet, one may wipe over leather socks or footwear that covers the ankles.
Masharti
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Conditions
Zivaliwe mtu akiwa katika hali ya twahara kamili.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Put on while in a state of complete purity.
Zifunike vifundo vya miguu, na ziwe imara kiasi cha kuweza kutembelea.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Covering the ankles, and firm enough to walk in.
Zisiwe na mipasuko mikubwa kiasi cha kuuacha mguu wazi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Free of tears large enough to expose the foot.
Ni kwa hadathi ndogo tu — kamwe si badala ya josho.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Only for minor impurity — never in place of ghusl.
Muda
Mkazi — mchana mmoja na usiku wake, saa 24.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Resident — one day and night, 24 hours.
Msafiri — siku tatu na usiku wake, saa 72.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Traveller — three days and nights, 72 hours.
Huhesabiwa kuanzia kupaka kwa mara ya kwanza baada ya kutengua udhu, si kuanzia kuzivaa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Counted from the first wipe after breaking wuḍū, not from putting them on.
M haweki kikomo cha muda, maadamu zinabaki safi na nzima.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
M sets no time limit, provided they remain clean and intact.
Muslim — hadithi ya Ali ـؓ · sahihi
Paka upande wa juu pekee, kuanzia vidoleni kuelekea muundi, mara moja. Kupaka wayo si Sunna.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Wipe the upper surface only, from toes toward the shin, once. Wiping the sole is not the sunnah.
Abu Dawud · sahihi — “Lau dini ingekuwa kwa rai, upande wa chini ungestahiki kupakwa.”
Kuzivua soksi, au muda kwisha, humaliza kupaka. Bendeji na plasta za mivunjiko hupakwa juu yake bila kikomo chochote cha muda.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Removing the socks, or the term expiring, ends the wiping. Bandages and casts are wiped over without any time limit.
07NajisiNajāsah
Vilivyo najisi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
What is impure
Mkojo, kinyesi, madhii na wadii, damu ya hedhi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Urine, excrement, madhī and wadī, menstrual blood.
Damu inayotiririka, usaha, matapishi yakiwa mengi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Blood that flows, pus, vomit in quantity.
Nguruwe, na mate ya mbwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Swine, and the saliva of a dog.
Mzoga, na nyama ya mnyama yeyote asiyechinjwa kisheria.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Carrion, and the meat of any animal not slaughtered lawfully.
Mvinyo na kila kinywaji kinacholevya.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Wine and every intoxicating drink.
Daraja zake na kuiondoa
Nzito — chombo kilicholambwa na mbwa: huoshwa mara saba, la kwanza kwa udongo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Grave — a vessel licked by a dog: seven washes, the first with earth.
Nyepesi — mkojo wa mtoto wa kiume ambaye bado hajaanza kula chakula kigumu: nyunyizia maji hadi pafunikwe, bila kukamua.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Light — the urine of a boy not yet eating solids: sprinkle until covered, no wringing.
Ya kawaida — osha hadi rangi, harufu na ladha viondoke; doa linalobaki na kukataa kutoka husamehewa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ordinary — wash until colour, scent and taste are gone; a remaining stain that resists is pardoned.
Muslim · sahihi; Abu Dawud · sahihi — hadithi ya Umm Qays ـؓ
Ni twahiri ingawa mara nyingi hudhaniwa vinginevyo: manii — hukwanguliwa yakiwa makavu, hupanguswa yakiwa mabichi; jasho na mate ya paka; manyoya na ngozi iliyodabighiwa; damu kidogo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Pure although often assumed otherwise: semen — scraped when dry, wiped when wet; the sweat and saliva of a cat; the hair and skin of a tanned hide; a small quantity of blood.
Muslim · sahihi — “Yeye si najisi; ni miongoni mwa wale wanaowazungukia.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — “She is not impure; she is among those who circle about you.”
08Hedhi, nifasi, istihadhaḤayḍ, nifās, istiḥāḍah
Rejeo la wanawake. Kipande hiki kinajitosheleza na kinaweza kutolewa peke yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A women’s reference. This panel is self-contained and may be given separately.
Muda wa hedhi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Duration of ḥayḍ
Ḥ — uchache wake siku tatu, wingi wake kumi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ — minimum three days, maximum ten.
S, Ḥb — uchache wake mchana mmoja na usiku wake, wingi wake kumi na tano.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
S, Ḥb — minimum a day and a night, maximum fifteen.
M — hakuna uchache uliowekwa; wingi wake kumi na tano.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
M — no fixed minimum; maximum fifteen.
Uchache wa twahara kati ya hedhi mbili ni siku kumi na tano.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The least purity between two cycles is fifteen days.
Nifasi — baada ya kujifungua
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Nifās — after childbirth
Wingi wake ni siku arobaini kwa mujibu wa Ḥ na Ḥb; sitini kwa mujibu wa M na S. Damu ikikatika mapema zaidi, huoga na kuendelea mara moja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Maximum forty days per Ḥ and Ḥb; sixty per M and S. Should the bleeding stop sooner, she bathes and resumes at once.
Yanayosimamishwa katika zote mbili
Swala — nayo hailipwi baadaye.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Prayer — and it is not made up afterwards.
Saumu — nayo hulipwa baadaye.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Fasting — and it is made up afterwards.
Tawafu ya kuizunguka Al-Kaaba; kujamiiana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ṭawāf around the Ka‘bah; intercourse.
Mengine yote ya Hija hufanywa kama kawaida.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
All else of Ḥajj is performed as normal.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — “Fanya yote anayoyafanya hujaji, isipokuwa kuizunguka Nyumba.”
Istihadha — damu inayotoka nje ya ada inayojulikana ni maradhi, si hedhi. Huoga mara moja, kisha hutawadha upya kwa kila swala, na huswali na kufunga kama kawaida.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Istiḥāḍah — bleeding outside the known cycle is an ailment, not ḥayḍ. She bathes once, then makes fresh wuḍū for each prayer and prays and fasts as normal.
Bukhari · sahihi — hadithi ya Fatima binti Abi Hubaysh ـؓ
Mistari yenye ukingo wa nukta ni matamshi ya Kiarabu, yaliyotokana na irabu zake kwa kanuni. Haitoki katika machapisho na haijapitiwa: pale inapotofautiana na Kiarabu, Kiarabu ndicho sahihi.
Katika lugha hii maktaba inasomwa kwa tafsiri ya rasimu ya toleo la Kimataifa. Imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na hakuna mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha aliyeihakiki bado. Kiarabu ndicho chanzo; Kiingereza kinaweza kuonyeshwa kando yake. Pale chapisho linaponukuu Qur’ani, maana inayoonyeshwa ni maneno ya toleo lililochapishwa, Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center (QuranEnc.com), na si rasimu.
Chapisha chapisho hili
Kimataifa · Kiarabu · Kiingereza
Ndani · Kiarabu · বাংলা · Kiingereza
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