Halali · 01 kati ya 08
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥalāl · 01 of 08
Kadi za pochi
Vitumiwavyo vya Halali
الحلالḤalāl Consumables
Uhakiki wa wanazuoni: unasubiriwa
Maandishi haya yanatoka kwenye maktaba ya machapisho ya Sabīl. Uhakiki wake wa wanazuoni bado unaendelea; kila kipengele kitaonyesha majina ya wahakiki wake na tarehe mara tu wanazuoni wawili watakapokitia saini.
Tafsiri ya rasimu: imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na bado haijasomwa na mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha. Pale mstari usipoeleweka, onyesha Kiingereza na utegemee Kiarabu.
Mistari inayohusu hukumu huonyeshwa kila mara pamoja na Kiingereza cha chapa chini yake. Mstari ambao rasimu yake haikupita ukaguzi huonyeshwa kwa Kiingereza pekee.
Halali na Haramu
Lawful & Unlawful
الْحَلَالُ
Al-ḥalāl
Halali iko wazi na haramu iko wazi, na baina yake kuna mambo yenye shaka ambayo wengi hawayajui.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The lawful is clear and the unlawful is clear, and between them are doubtful matters that many do not know.
2 · Kanuni zinazotawala
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 · The governing principles
3 · Wanyama walio haramu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 · Forbidden animals
4 · Kuchinja — masharti yake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 · Slaughter — its conditions
5 · Nyama ya Watu wa Kitabu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 · Meat of the People of the Book
6 · Pombe na vilevi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
6 · Alcohol & intoxicants
7 · Jelatini, vimeng’enya na viongezeo
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
7 · Gelatin, enzymes & additives
8 · Dawa na vipodozi
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
8 · Medicine & cosmetics
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb hutajwa pale wanapotofautiana. Hukumu za viambato hubadilika kulingana na utengenezaji — hakikisha, usidhanie.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb noted where they differ. Ingredient rulings change with manufacture — verify, do not assume.
02Kanuni
1 Katika vyakula, asili ni ruhusa. Hakuna kilicho haramu bila dalili inayokiharamisha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 In foods, the default is permission. Nothing is forbidden without a proof forbidding it.
2 Katika nyama, asili ni uharamu. Huwa halali kwa kuchinjwa kisheria tu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 In meat, the default is prohibition. It becomes lawful only by valid slaughter.
3 Kilicho haramu kuliwa ni haramu kukifanyia biashara, na thamani yake ni haramu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 What is forbidden to eat is forbidden to trade in, and its price is unlawful.
4 Dharura huhalalisha kilicho haramu, kwa kadiri ya dharura na si zaidi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 Necessity permits the forbidden, to the extent of the necessity and no further.
5 Kiasi kidogo cha kile kinacholevya kikiwa kingi nacho ni haramu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 A small amount of what intoxicates in quantity is itself forbidden.
Q 2:173, 6:145; Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi · sahihi
Yenye shaka
فَمَنِ اتَّقَى الشُّبُهَاتِ فَقَدِ اسْتَبْرَأَ لِدِينِهِ وَعِرْضِهِ
Famani-ttaqash-shubuhāti faqadi-stabra’a lidīnihi wa ‘irḍih
Basi mwenye kujiepusha na mambo yenye shaka ameihifadhi dini yake na heshima yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Whoever guards against the doubtful has protected his religion and his honour.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Tahadhari ni fadhila, si faradhi unayoweza kuwalazimisha wengine. Usitangaze kuwa haramu kile ambacho Allah amekiacha wazi, wala usiwashinikize kwa wasiwasi wako watu wa nyumba inayofuata rai inayokubalika.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Caution is a virtue, not an obligation you may impose on others. Do not declare unlawful what Allah has left open, and do not press your scruple upon a household that follows a valid opinion.
03Wanyama walio haramuForbidden animals
Waliotajwa katika Qur’ani
Mzoga — chochote kilichokufa chenyewe.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Carrion — whatever died of itself.
Damu inayotiririka.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Flowing blood.
Nguruwe, katika kila sehemu yake na kila kitokanacho naye.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Swine, in every part and derivative.
Kilichochinjwa kwa jina la asiyekuwa Allah.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
What was slaughtered in a name other than Allah’s.
Aliyenyongwa, aliyepigwa, aliyeanguka, aliyepigwa pembe, na aliyeliwa sehemu yake na mnyama mkali — isipokuwa akiwahiwa akiwa hai na kuchinjwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The strangled, the beaten, the fallen, the gored, and what a beast has partly eaten — unless reached alive and slaughtered.
Q 5:3
Waliotajwa katika Sunna
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Named in the Sunnah
Wanyama wawindaji wenye chonge — simba, mbwa mwitu, mbwa, paka.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Predators with canine teeth — lion, wolf, dog, cat.
Ndege wawindaji wenye makucha — tai, mwewe, bundi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Birds of prey with talons — eagle, hawk, owl.
Punda wa kufugwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Domestic donkeys.
Viumbe vilivyoamrishwa kuuawa, na vile vilivyokatazwa kuuawa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Creatures commanded to be killed, and those forbidden to kill.
Muslim · sahihi; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — siku ya Khaybar.
Viumbe vya baharini: vyote ni halali kwa mujibu wa M, S na Ḥb, pamoja na kinachokutwa kimekufa — “maji yake ni twahara na maiti yake ni halali.” Ḥ huruhusu samaki pekee, bila wanyama wa magamba wala wa jamii ya kaa na kamba.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Sea life: all of it lawful per M, S and Ḥb, including what is found dead — “its water is pure and its dead are lawful.” Ḥ permits fish alone, excluding shellfish and crustaceans.
Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi · sahihi. Nzige ni halali bila kuchinjwa, kwa makubaliano ya wote.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Abū Dāwūd, Tirmidhī · ṣaḥīḥ. Locusts are lawful without slaughter, by agreement.
04Kuchinja
Masharti yake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Its conditions
1 Mchinjaji ni Mwislamu, au ni miongoni mwa Watu wa Kitabu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 The slaughterer is Muslim, or of the People of the Book.
2 Jina la Allah hutajwa juu yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 The name of Allah is pronounced over it.
3 Kisu kikali, kinachopitishwa kwa haraka — kamwe si jino wala ukucha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 A sharp blade, drawn swiftly — never a tooth or a nail.
4 Koo, umio na mishipa miwili ya shingo hukatwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 The throat, the gullet and the two vessels of the neck are severed.
5 Mnyama yu hai wakati wa kukatwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 The animal is alive at the moment of the cut.
Q 6:121; Muslim · sahihi — “Allah amefaradhisha ihsani katika kila jambo; mnapochinja, chinjeni vizuri.”
Yanayobishaniwa katika utekelezaji
Kumpoteza mnyama fahamu — kumeruhusiwa na mabaraza mengi pale ambapo fahamu inaweza kurudi na mnyama angeishi; kumekataliwa pale kunapoua kabla ya kukatwa. Uliza ni kupi kunatumika.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Stunning — permitted by many councils where it is reversible and the animal would live; rejected where it kills before the cut. Ask which is used.
Visu vya mashine — jina ni lazima litajwe juu ya kila mnyama, au na mwendeshaji mmoja mwenye nia inayoendelea. Sauti iliyorekodiwa haitoshi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Mechanical blades — the name must be said over each animal, or by one operator with continuous intent. A recording does not suffice.
Kuacha kutaja jina kwa makusudi — nyama ni haramu kwa mujibu wa Ḥ, M na Ḥb; S huiona halali likisahauliwa au likiachwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Omitting the name deliberately — the meat is unlawful per Ḥ, M and Ḥb; S holds it lawful if forgotten or omitted.
Noa kisu, usimwonyeshe mnyama kisu hicho, usichinje mmoja mbele ya mwingine, na mpe maji kabla.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Sharpen the blade, spare the animal sight of it, do not slaughter one before another, and give it water beforehand.
05Nyama ya Watu wa Kitabu
وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ
Wa ṭa‘āmul-ladhīna ūtul-kitāba ḥillun lakum
“Na chakula cha wale waliopewa Kitabu ni halali kwenu.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
“The food of those given the Scripture is lawful to you.”
Q 5:5
Aya ni ya kukata shauri kwamba nyama waliyoichinja inaruhusiwa kimsingi. Hitilafu iko katika iwapo bidhaa ya viwandani ya leo bado inaendana nayo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The verse is decisive that their slaughtered meat is permitted in principle. The disagreement is over whether today’s industrial product still answers to it.
Misimamo miwili
Wanaoruhusu — aya ni ya jumla; hatukukalifishwa kuchunguza tusiyoyashuhudia, na Maswahaba walikula chakula cha Watu wa Kitabu bila kuuliza. Sema Bismillāh na ule.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Permitting — the verse is general; we are not charged with investigating what we did not witness, and the Companions ate the food of the People of the Book without enquiry. Say Bismillāh and eat.
Wanaojizuia — uchinjaji mwingi wa kisasa hauna tendo lolote la kidini kabisa, hakuna jina linalotajwa, na mbinu kama kuua kwa umeme au gesi humwacha mnyama amekufa kabla ya kukatwa kokote. Kinachoelezwa katika aya basi hakipo kabisa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Withholding — much modern slaughter involves no religious act at all, no name is said, and methods such as killing by electrocution or gas leave the animal dead before any cut. What is described in the verse is then simply absent.
Bukhari · sahihi — “Tajeni jina la Allah juu yake, na mle.” Misimamo yote miwili inashikiliwa na wanazuoni wakubwa.
Njia ya kati kiutendaji: pale ambapo nyama ya uchinjaji uliothibitishwa inapatikana, ichukue. Pale isipopatikana, msafiri na aliye katika dhiki wana rai inayokubalika ya kuitegemea. Usilifanye hili kuwa sababu ya mgawanyiko.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The practical middle: where certified slaughter is available, take it. Where it is not, the traveller and the one under constraint have a valid opinion to rely on. Do not make this a cause of division.
06Vilevi
Kila kilevi ni khamri, na kila khamri ni haramu — kiwe kimetoka wapi, na kiitwe kwa jina lolote.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Every intoxicant is khamr, and every khamr is forbidden — whatever its source, and whatever it is called.
Muslim · sahihi; Q 5:90
Ni haramu pia: kuiuza, kuibeba, kuwahudumia watu kwayo, kuikamua, au kuchukua thamani yake — kumi wamelaaniwa kuhusiana nayo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Forbidden also: to sell it, carry it, serve it, press it, or take its price — ten are cursed in connection with it.
Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah · sahihi
Pale wanazuoni wanapotofautisha
Siki — mvinyo uliogeuka wenyewe ni twahara na halali kwa makubaliano ya wote. Kuugeuza kwa makusudi kuna hitilafu: kunaruhusiwa kwa mujibu wa Ḥ, ni makuruhu au haramu kwa mujibu wa wengine.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Vinegar — wine that has turned of itself is pure and lawful by agreement. Deliberately converting it is disputed: permitted per Ḥ, disliked or forbidden per the others.
Ethanoli kama kiyeyusho — pale isipotokana na khamri, ikawa kwa kiasi kidogo mno, na isiache athari, mabaraza mengi ya zama hizi huiruhusu. Hii inajumuisha viungo vingi vya ladha, dondoo ya vanila na dawa ya kusukutua kinywa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ethanol as a solvent — where it is not derived from khamr, is present in trace amounts, and leaves no effect, most contemporary councils permit it. This covers most flavourings, vanilla extract and mouthwash.
Vyakula vilivyopikwa kwa mvinyo — haramu. Joto haliondoi kilichoongezwa kwa makusudi, na ladha hubaki.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Foods cooked with wine — forbidden. Heat does not remove what was deliberately added, and the taste remains.
Kipimo kinachotawala ni istihala — iwapo kitu kimebadilika kikweli kuwa kitu kingine, au kimezimuliwa tu. Kuzimua hakubadilishi chochote.
07Viongezeo
Jelatini — kutoka kwenye ngozi au mfupa wa nguruwe, ni haramu kwa mujibu wa walio wengi. Kutoka kwa ng’ombe, ni halali tu ikiwa imetokana na uchinjaji wa kisheria. Jelatini ya samaki ni halali bila shaka. Baadhi huruhusu jelatini ya nguruwe kwa msingi wa istihala; wengi hawaruhusu, wakiona mabadiliko hayatoshi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Gelatin — from pork skin or bone, unlawful per the majority. From cattle, lawful only if from valid slaughter. Fish gelatin is lawful without question. Some permit porcine gelatin on istiḥālah; most do not, holding the change insufficient.
Reneti — kutoka tumboni mwa ndama. Ni halali kwa mujibu wa Ḥ na wengine wengi bila kujali ndama aliuawa vipi; S hushurutisha uchinjaji wa kisheria. Reneti itokanayo na vijidudu huliepuka suala hili.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Rennet — from the stomach of a calf. Lawful per Ḥ and many others regardless of how the calf was killed; S requires valid slaughter. Microbial rennet avoids the question.
L-cysteine (E920) — kiboresha kinyunya. Ikitokana na manyoya au usanisi ni halali; ikitokana na nywele za binadamu hairuhusiwi kwa sababu nyingine.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
L-cysteine (E920) — a dough conditioner. From feathers or synthesis it is lawful; from human hair it is impermissible on other grounds.
Carmine (E120) — kutoka kwa wadudu. Inaruhusiwa kwa mujibu wa mabaraza mengi ya zama hizi; Ḥ na S huwaona wadudu kuwa najisi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Carmine (E120) — from insects. Permitted per most contemporary councils; Ḥ and S hold insects impure.
Glycerin (E422) — ni halali ikiwa ya mimea au ya usanisi. Itokanayo na wanyama hufuata chanzo chake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Glycerin (E422) — lawful when vegetable or synthetic. Animal-derived follows the source.
Mono- na diglycerides (E471) — kwa kawaida ni za mimea; hakikisha kwa mtengenezaji.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Mono- and diglycerides (E471) — usually vegetable; verify with the manufacturer.
Namba za E hueleza kazi, si chanzo. Msimbo ule ule hujumuisha asili halali na haramu, na watengenezaji hubadilisha wasambazaji bila taarifa. Alama ya uthibitisho ina thamani zaidi kuliko orodha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
E-numbers describe a function, not a source. The same code covers lawful and unlawful origins, and manufacturers change suppliers without notice. A certification mark is worth more than a list.
08Dawa
Tafuta matibabu — Allah hakuteremsha ugonjwa bila kuteremsha dawa yake. Lakini usitafute tiba katika alichokiharamisha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Seek treatment — Allah has not sent down a disease without sending down its cure. But do not seek a cure in what He has forbidden.
Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi · sahihi; Abu Dawud · sahihi
Pale dharura inapohusika
Kitu kilicho haramu huruhusiwa katika tiba pale masharti matatu yanapotimia: ugonjwa ni wa kweli na mzito, daktari mwenye sifa anakishauri, na hakuna mbadala halali.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A forbidden substance becomes permitted in medicine when three conditions meet: the illness is real and serious, a qualified physician advises it, and no lawful alternative exists.
Hii inajumuisha insulini itokanayo na nguruwe, heparini, na maganda ya kapsuli pale ambapo hakuna mbadala unaopatikana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
This covers porcine-derived insulin, heparin, and capsule shells where no substitute is stocked.
Chanjo — zinaruhusiwa na mabaraza makuu, zikiwemo zile zilizooteshwa kwenye vioteshea vitokanavyo na nguruwe, kwa kuwa kitu cha asili kimebadilika.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Vaccines — permitted by the major councils, including those cultured on porcine-derived media, the original substance having transformed.
Vinavyopakwa mwilini
Alkoholi katika manukato, kitakasa mikono na dawa za kupaka inaruhusiwa na wanazuoni wengi wa zama hizi — si khamri wala hainywewi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Alcohol in perfume, sanitiser and topical medication is permitted by most contemporary scholars — it is not khamr and is not drunk.
Vipodozi vyenye vitokanavyo na nguruwe viepukwe pale ambapo kuna mbadala.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Cosmetics carrying pork derivatives should be avoided where an alternative exists.
Rangi ya kucha na chochote kinachofanya tabaka linaloziba ni lazima kiondolewe kabla ya udhu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Nail varnish and anything forming a seal must be removed before wuḍū.
Unapokuwa na shaka ya kweli na hakuna mwanazuoni aliye karibu: acha kinachokutia shaka uende kwenye kisichokutia shaka.
Mistari yenye ukingo wa nukta ni matamshi ya Kiarabu, yaliyotokana na irabu zake kwa kanuni. Haitoki katika machapisho na haijapitiwa: pale inapotofautiana na Kiarabu, Kiarabu ndicho sahihi.
Katika lugha hii maktaba inasomwa kwa tafsiri ya rasimu ya toleo la Kimataifa. Imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na hakuna mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha aliyeihakiki bado. Kiarabu ndicho chanzo; Kiingereza kinaweza kuonyeshwa kando yake. Pale chapisho linaponukuu Qur’ani, maana inayoonyeshwa ni maneno ya toleo lililochapishwa, Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center (QuranEnc.com), na si rasimu.
Chapisha chapisho hili
Kimataifa · Kiarabu · Kiingereza
Ndani · Kiarabu · বাংলা · Kiingereza
Chapisha kwa 100%, kamwe usichague “tosheleza ukurasa” (fit to page), la sivyo kadi hazitakunjika kwa kipimo sahihi.
Bure kuchapisha na kushiriki. Si kwa ajili ya kuuzwa.
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