Ramadhani · 01 kati ya 08
Kadi za pochi
Ramadhani
رمضانRamaḍān
Uhakiki wa wanazuoni: unasubiriwa
Maandishi haya yanatoka kwenye maktaba ya machapisho ya Sabīl. Uhakiki wake wa wanazuoni bado unaendelea; kila kipengele kitaonyesha majina ya wahakiki wake na tarehe mara tu wanazuoni wawili watakapokitia saini.
Tafsiri ya rasimu: imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na bado haijasomwa na mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha. Pale mstari usipoeleweka, onyesha Kiingereza na utegemee Kiarabu.
Mistari inayohusu hukumu huonyeshwa kila mara pamoja na Kiingereza cha chapa chini yake. Mstari ambao rasimu yake haikupita ukaguzi huonyeshwa kwa Kiingereza pekee.
Mwezi wa Saumu
رَمَضَانُ
Ramaḍān
Yanayobatilisha saumu, kinachodaiwa baadaye, na jinsi masiku kumi ya mwisho yanavyohuishwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
What breaks the fast, what is owed afterwards, and how the last ten nights are kept.
2 · Yanayobatilisha saumu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 · What breaks the fast
3 · Kadha, fidia na kafara
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 · Qaḍā’, fidyah & kaffārah
4 · Daku, futari na dua zake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 · Suḥūr, ifṭār & their du‘ās
5 · Tarawehe na swala ya usiku
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 · Tarāwīḥ & the night prayer
6 · Itikafu na Laylatul-Qadr
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
6 · I‘tikāf & Laylat al-Qadr
7 · Zakatul-Fitr
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
7 · Zakāt al-Fiṭr
8 · Siku thelathini
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
8 · The thirty days
Ḥ = Hanafi · M = Maliki · S = Shafii · Ḥb = Hanbali.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ = Ḥanafī · M = Mālikī · S = Shāfi‘ī · Ḥb = Ḥanbalī.
02Yanayobatilisha saumuWhat breaks the fast
Kula au kunywa kwa makusudi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Eating or drinking deliberately.
Kujamiiana — ndilo zito kuliko yote, na ndilo pekee lenye kafara kwa makubaliano ya wote.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Intercourse — the gravest, and the only one carrying expiation by agreement.
Kujitapisha kwa makusudi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Deliberately inducing vomiting.
Kutokwa na manii kulikosababishwa kwa makusudi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ejaculation brought about deliberately.
Kuanza kwa hedhi au nifasi, saa yoyote ya mchana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The onset of ḥayḍ or nifās, at any hour of the day.
Chochote chenye lishe kinachoingizwa mwilini, ikiwemo kulishwa kwa dripu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Anything nutritive taken into the body, including feeding by drip.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi. Kutapika: Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi · sahihi.
Yasiyoibatilisha
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
What does not break it
Kula au kunywa kwa kusahau — endelea, nayo ni riziki kutoka kwa Allah.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Eating or drinking in forgetfulness — continue, and it is a provision from Allah.
Kutapika bila hiari; kutokwa na damu puani; damu iliyotolewa kwa ajili ya vipimo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Involuntary vomiting; a nosebleed; blood taken for testing.
Kusukutua kinywa na pua, bila kupitiliza.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Rinsing the mouth and nose, without exaggeration.
Kuoga, kuogelea, kupaka wanja au manukato.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Bathing, swimming, applying kohl or perfume.
Sindano zisizobeba lishe; vipulizio vya dawa ya kuvuta, kwa mujibu wa hukumu nyingi za zama hizi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Injections that carry no nourishment; inhalers, per the majority of contemporary rulings.
Kuamka ukiwa na janaba na kuoga baada ya Alfajiri.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Waking in a state of janābah and bathing after Fajr.
Kuonja chakula kwa ulimi bila kumeza.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Tasting food on the tongue without swallowing.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — “Atakayesahau akala, basi na aitimize saumu yake.”
03KinachodaiwaWhat is owed
Kadha — kuilipa siku
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Qaḍā’ — making up the day
Inamlazimu msafiri, mgonjwa wa muda, mwanamke mwenye hedhi, na aliyefungua saumu kwa makusudi. Hulipwa wakati wowote kabla ya Ramadhani inayofuata; si lazima siku zifuatane.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Owed by the traveller, the temporarily ill, the menstruating woman, and one who broke the fast deliberately. Made up any time before the next Ramaḍān; consecutive days are not required.
Fidia — kulisha badala yake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Fidyah — feeding instead
Kwa asiyeweza kufunga na hatoweza kamwe: mzee sana, na mgonjwa wa kudumu. Lisha maskini mmoja kwa kila siku iliyokosekana. Hakuna kadha inayodaiwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
For one who cannot fast and never will: the very old, and the chronically ill. Feed one poor person for each day missed. No qaḍā’ is owed.
Q 2:184; Bukhari · hukumu ya Ibn Abbasـؓ
Kafara — malipo ya kosa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Kaffārah — the expiation
Inadaiwa kwa kujamiiana mchana wa Ramadhani. Ḥ, S na Ḥb: kwa mpangilio usiobadilika, kila moja ni pale tu iliyotangulia inaposhindikana; M: kuchagua kati ya hizo tatu, na kulisha ni bora:
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Owed for intercourse during a day of Ramaḍān. Ḥ, S and Ḥb: in strict order, each only if the one before is beyond reach; M: a choice among the three, feeding preferred:
1 Kumwacha huru mtumwa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 Free a slave.
2 Kufunga siku sitini mfululizo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 Fast sixty consecutive days.
3 Kulisha maskini sitini.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 Feed sixty poor people.
Siku yenyewe hulipwa pia. Ḥ na M huipanua kafara hadi kwenye kula na kunywa kwa makusudi; S na Ḥb huifunga kwenye kujamiiana pekee.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The day itself is also made up. Ḥ and M extend kaffārah to deliberate eating and drinking; S and Ḥb confine it to intercourse.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — hadithi ya mtu aliyekuja akisema “Nimeangamia.”
04Daku na futari
Nia
Hutiwa moyoni kabla ya Alfajiri, mara moja kwa mwezi mzima kwa mujibu wa M; kila usiku kwa mujibu wa Ḥ, S na Ḥb. Hakuna kinachotamkwa kwa sauti.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Formed in the heart before Fajr, once for the whole month per M; nightly per Ḥ, S and Ḥb. Nothing is said aloud.
Daku
Icheleweshe hadi karibu na Alfajiri. Hata funda la maji linaitimiza — “katika daku kuna baraka.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Delay it until close to Fajr. Even a sip of water fulfils it — “in suḥūr there is blessing.”
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Futari
Iharakishe jua linapozama kwa tende mbichi, au kavu, au maji. Husemwa baada ya kufuturu:
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Hasten it at sunset with fresh dates, or dried, or water. Said after breaking:
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Dhahaba-ẓ-ẓama’u wabtallatil-‘urūqu wa thabatal-ajru in shā’Allāh
Kiu imeondoka, mishipa imelowa, na ujira umethibiti, Allah akipenda.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills.
Abu Dawud · hasan. Ile inayonukuliwa sana, Allāhumma laka ṣumtu, ni dhaifu — haya ndiyo maneno yaliyothibiti.
Ukichokozwa, sema: innī ṣā’im — mimi nimefunga. Asiyeacha maneno ya uongo, Allah hana haja ya njaa yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
If provoked, say: innī ṣā’im — I am fasting. One who does not abandon false speech has given Allah no need of his hunger.
Bukhari · sahihi
05Tarawehe
Huswaliwa baada ya Isha, rakaa mbili mbili, na kumalizwa kwa witiri. Ni Sunna iliyosisitizwa, si faradhi — na kuiswali nyuma ya imamu hadi amalize huandikwa kama usiku mzima wa swala.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Prayed after ‘Ishā’ in pairs of two, ending with witr. A confirmed sunnah, not an obligation — and praying it behind an imam until he finishes is written as a whole night in prayer.
Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud · sahihi
Idadi
Rakaa ishirini — msimamo wa madhehebu yote manne, kwa kufuata desturi iliyothibiti katika zama za Umarـؓ na isiyokatika katika Haram mbili.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Twenty rak‘ahs — the position of all four madhāhib, on the practice settled under ‘Umarـؓ and unbroken in both Ḥaramayn.
Rakaa kumi na moja — nane na tatu za witiri, kwa kufuata riwaya ya Aishaـؓ kwamba hakuwahi kuzidisha hapo, ndani ya Ramadhani wala nje yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Eleven rak‘ahs — eight and three of witr, on the report of ‘Ā’ishahـؓ that he never exceeded it in or out of Ramaḍān.
M hunukuu thelathini na sita, desturi ya Madina.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
M records thirty-six, the practice of Madīnah.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Muwatta’ · riwaya ya Yazid bin Ruman.
Zote mbili ni desturi zilizothibiti na hakuna inayolaumiwa. Urefu wa kisimamo una uzito zaidi kuliko idadi ya rakaa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Both are established practice and neither is censured. Length of standing outweighs count of rak‘ahs.
Witiri
Wajibu kwa mujibu wa Ḥ, rakaa tatu zilizounganishwa bila salamu kati yake; sunna muakkada kwa mujibu wa wale watatu wengine, huswaliwa moja, tatu, tano au zaidi. Usiirudie ukiamka tena kuswali.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Wājib per Ḥ, three joined without a salām between; a sunnah mu’akkadah per the other three, prayed one, three, five or more. Do not repeat it if you rise again to pray.
Muslim · sahihi — “Ifanyeni witiri kuwa ya mwisho katika swala yenu ya usiku.”
06Masiku kumi ya mwisho
Itikafu
Kujitenga msikitini kwa ajili ya ibada. Mtume ﷺ aliifanya kila Ramadhani, na siku ishirini katika mwaka aliofariki. Huingiwa kabla ya jua kuzama tarehe 20, na kutoka siku ya Idd.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Seclusion in the masjid for worship. The Prophet ﷺ kept it every Ramaḍān, and twenty days in the year he died. Entered before sunset on the 20th, left at the ‘Īd.
Toka kwa dharura tu — chooni, au kwa chakula ikiwa hakiletwi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Leave only for necessity — the washroom, or food if none is brought.
Ḥ na M hushurutisha saumu pamoja nayo; S na Ḥb hawashurutishi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ and M require fasting alongside it; S and Ḥb do not.
Mwanamke anaweza kuifanya kwa ridhaa ya mumewe, katika sehemu iliyotengwa kwa kizuizi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A woman may observe it with her husband’s consent, in a partitioned space.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Laylatul-Qadr
Ni bora kuliko miezi elfu. Hutafutwa katika masiku ya witiri ya masiku kumi ya mwisho — usiku wa 21, wa 23, wa 25, wa 27 na wa 29 — na mara nyingi zaidi hupatikana usiku wa 27.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Better than a thousand months. Sought in the odd nights of the last ten — the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th — and most often found on the 27th.
Q 97:3; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
Allāhumma innaka ‘afuwwun tuḥibbul-‘afwa fa‘fu ‘annī
Ewe Allah, hakika Wewe ni Mwingi wa kusamehe, unapenda kusamehe, basi nisamehe.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
O Allah, You are Pardoning and love to pardon, so pardon me.
Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah · sahihi — alifundishwa Aishaـؓ alipouliza aseme nini akiupata.
07Zakatul-Fitr
Ni faradhi kwa kila Mwislamu mwenye chakula kinachozidi mahitaji yake ya siku hiyo — kwa ajili yake mwenyewe na wote anaowahudumia, akiwemo mtoto aliyezaliwa kabla ya alfajiri ya Idd.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Obligatory on every Muslim who has food beyond his need for the day — for himself and all he supports, including a child born before the ‘Īd dawn.
Kiasi
Ṣā‘ moja ya chakula kikuu cha nchi — tende, shayiri, zabibu kavu, mchele au ngano.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
One ṣā‘ of the staple food of the land — dates, barley, raisins, rice or wheat.
1 ṣā‘ = 4 mudd ≈ lita 3.0
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 ṣā‘ = 4 mudd ≈ 3.0 litres
≈ kg 2.04 za ngano · ≈ kg 2.4 za mchele
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
≈ 2.04 kg wheat · ≈ 2.4 kg rice
Toa kwa ujazo, si kwa uzito, pale unapoweza.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Give by volume, not weight, where you can.
Kwa pesa?
Ḥ huruhusu thamani yake kwa pesa, na hii ndiyo desturi ya taasisi nyingi leo. M, S na Ḥb hushurutisha chakula, kama andiko linavyokitaja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ permits its value in money, and this is the practice of most institutions today. M, S and Ḥb require food, as the text specifies it.
Lini
Bora ni asubuhi ya Idd kabla ya swala; inaruhusiwa siku moja au mbili kabla. Ikitolewa baada ya swala ni sadaka ya kawaida, na faradhi hubaki.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Best on the morning of ‘Īd before the prayer; permitted a day or two earlier. Given after the prayer it is ordinary charity, and the obligation remains.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — hadithi ya Ibn Umarـؓ; Abu Dawud · hasan
Lengo lake: kuitakasa saumu kutokana na maneno ya upuuzi na machafu, na kuwalisha maskini ili wasihitaji kuomba siku ya Idd.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Its purpose: to purify the fast of idle and indecent speech, and to feed the poor so that they need not ask on the day of ‘Īd.
08Siku thelathini
Weka alama ya saumu iliyofungwa, swala ya usiku iliyoswaliwa, na sehemu iliyosomwa.
Ṣ
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ṣ
Q
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Q
J
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
J
Ṣ
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ṣ
Q
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Q
J
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
J
Ṣ saumu · Q swala ya usiku · J sehemu ya siku. Mistari mizito huonyesha masiku ya witiri katika masiku kumi ya mwisho.
Mistari yenye ukingo wa nukta ni matamshi ya Kiarabu, yaliyotokana na irabu zake kwa kanuni. Haitoki katika machapisho na haijapitiwa: pale inapotofautiana na Kiarabu, Kiarabu ndicho sahihi.
Katika lugha hii maktaba inasomwa kwa tafsiri ya rasimu ya toleo la Kimataifa. Imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na hakuna mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha aliyeihakiki bado. Kiarabu ndicho chanzo; Kiingereza kinaweza kuonyeshwa kando yake. Pale chapisho linaponukuu Qur’ani, maana inayoonyeshwa ni maneno ya toleo lililochapishwa, Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center (QuranEnc.com), na si rasimu.
Chapisha chapisho hili
Kimataifa · Kiarabu · Kiingereza
Ndani · Kiarabu · বাংলা · Kiingereza
Chapisha kwa 100%, kamwe usichague “tosheleza ukurasa” (fit to page), la sivyo kadi hazitakunjika kwa kipimo sahihi.
Bure kuchapisha na kushiriki. Si kwa ajili ya kuuzwa.
Kwa nyakati hizo hizo