Nikaha · 01 kati ya 08
Kadi za pochi
Nikaha na Familia
النكاح والأسرةNikāḥ & Family
Uhakiki wa wanazuoni: unasubiriwa
Maandishi haya yanatoka kwenye maktaba ya machapisho ya Sabīl. Uhakiki wake wa wanazuoni bado unaendelea; kila kipengele kitaonyesha majina ya wahakiki wake na tarehe mara tu wanazuoni wawili watakapokitia saini.
Tafsiri ya rasimu: imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na bado haijasomwa na mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha. Pale mstari usipoeleweka, onyesha Kiingereza na utegemee Kiarabu.
Mistari inayohusu hukumu huonyeshwa kila mara pamoja na Kiingereza cha chapa chini yake. Mstari ambao rasimu yake haikupita ukaguzi huonyeshwa kwa Kiingereza pekee.
Ndoa na Familia
النِّكَاحُ
An-nikāḥ
Ni agano linalofunga. Kinachoifanya isihi, kila mmoja anachomdai mwenzake, na jinsi inavyovunjwa inapobidi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A binding covenant. What makes it valid, what each owes the other, and how it is ended when it must be.
2 · Akdi — nguzo zake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 · The contract — its pillars
3 · Walii, mashahidi na ridhaa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 · Walī, witnesses & consent
4 · Mahari — kipawa cha ndoa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 · Mahr — the dower
5 · Wasioruhusiwa kuolewa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 · Who may not be married
6 · Haki na walima
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
6 · Rights & the walīmah
7 · Talaka — utaratibu wake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
7 · Ṭalāq — the procedure
8 · Eda — muda wa kungoja
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
8 · ‘Iddah — the waiting period
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb hutajwa pale wanapotofautiana. Masuala ya talaka na malezi ya watoto yana matokeo ya kisheria — shauriana na mwanazuoni mwenye sifa na mahakama ya mahali ulipo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb noted where they differ. Matters of divorce and custody carry legal consequences — consult a qualified scholar and your local court.
02Akdi
Nguzo zake
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Its pillars
1 Ijabu na kabuli yake, katika kikao kimoja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
1 An offer and its acceptance, in one sitting.
2 Pande mbili zilizo halali kuoana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 Two parties lawful to one another.
3 Walii wa bibi harusi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 The walī of the bride.
4 Mashahidi wawili wenye tabia njema.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 Two witnesses of sound character.
5 Mahari — iliyotajwa, la sivyo hulazimu kwa kiwango chake cha haki.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 The mahr — named, or else due at its fair rate.
Ḥ huona kuwa walii si sharti kwa mwanamke mzima mwenye akili timamu; wale watatu wengine humshurutisha, na akdi bila yeye ni batili.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ holds the walī not to be a condition for an adult woman of sound mind; the other three require him, and a contract without him is void.
Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi · sahihi — “Hakuna ndoa bila walii na mashahidi wawili waadilifu.”
Khutbatul-Haja
Hufunguliwa nayo kabla ya akdi:
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Opened with before the contract:
إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ، نَحْمَدُهُ وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا
Innal-ḥamda lillāh, naḥmaduhu wa nasta‘īnuhu wa nastaghfiruh, wa na‘ūdhu billāhi min shurūri anfusinā wa min sayyi’āti a‘mālinā
Hufuatiwa na aya tatu: Q 3:102, 4:1 na 33:70–71.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Followed by the three verses: Q 3:102, 4:1 and 33:70–71.
Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i · sahihi. Itangaze ndoa hadharani; usiri ni kinyume cha Sunna.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Abū Dāwūd, Tirmidhī, Nasā’ī · ṣaḥīḥ. Announce the marriage publicly; secrecy is contrary to the sunnah.
03Walii na ridhaa
Mpangilio wa walii
Baba, kisha babu, kisha mwana, kisha kaka wa baba mmoja na mama mmoja, kisha kaka wa kwa baba, kisha wana wao, kisha ami. Wote wakikosekana, kadhi Mwislamu huwa walii.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Father, then grandfather, then son, then full brother, then half-brother by the father, then their sons, then paternal uncles. Failing all, the Muslim judge acts as walī.
Ridhaa
Mwanamke aliyewahi kuolewa hutamka ridhaa yake kwa maneno.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A previously married woman states her consent in words.
Bikira huulizwa, na kunyamaza kwake huchukuliwa kuwa ni kukubali.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A virgin is asked, and her silence is taken as assent.
Ndoa iliyofungwa kinyume cha matakwa yake haisihi, naye anaweza kuitaka ibatilishwe.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A marriage contracted against her will is invalid, and she may have it annulled.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Bukhari · mwanamke ambaye baba yake alimwoza bila ridhaa yake na ndoa hiyo ikatenguliwa.
Kuonana
Kumtazama unayekusudia kumwoa kunahimizwa — “kuna uwezekano zaidi wa kuleta maelewano kati yenu.” Mikutano huwa mbele ya maharimu, na hakuna faragha kabla ya akdi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Looking at the one you intend to marry is encouraged — “it is likelier to bring accord between you.” Meetings are in the presence of a maḥram, and there is no seclusion before the contract.
Tirmidhi, Nasa’i · sahihi
Kuchagua: mwanamke hutafutwa kwa mambo manne — mali yake, nasaba yake, uzuri wake na dini yake. “Mchague mwenye dini, utafanikiwa.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Choosing: a woman is sought for four things — her wealth, her lineage, her beauty and her religion. “Take the one of religion, and prosper.”
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
04MahariMahr
Ni mali ya bibi harusi peke yake, hupewa yeye na si familia yake. Ni haki ya akdi, si bei, na hakuna ndoa inayosihi bila hiyo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The bride’s property alone, given to her and not to her family. It is a right of the contract, not a price, and no marriage is valid without it.
Kwa Kiingereza pekee: rasimu ya mstari huu imezuiwa.
Q 4:4 — “Give the women their dowries as a free gift.”
Kiasi
Hakuna kiwango cha juu katika sharia. Bora yake ni iliyo nyepesi zaidi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
No maximum in the sharī‘ah. The best is the lightest.
Ḥ huweka kiwango cha chini cha dirhamu kumi; M tatu. S na Ḥb hawaweki chochote — chochote chenye thamani kinatosha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ sets a minimum of ten dirhams; M three. S and Ḥb set none — anything of value suffices.
Inaweza kuahirishwa yote au sehemu yake, na sehemu iliyoahirishwa huwa deni juu ya mirathi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
It may be deferred in whole or in part, and the deferred portion becomes a debt on the estate.
Inaweza kuwa si pesa: Mtume ﷺ alimwoza mwanamume mwanamke kwa kile alichokuwa amekihifadhi katika Qur’ani.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
It may be non-monetary: the Prophet ﷺ married a man to a woman for what he had memorised of the Qur’ān.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Abu Dawud · sahihi — “Ndoa yenye baraka kubwa zaidi ni ile yenye mzigo mdogo zaidi.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ; Abū Dāwūd · ṣaḥīḥ — “The marriage of greatest blessing is the least burdensome.”
Talaka ikitangulia kuingiliana
Nusu ya mahari iliyotajwa hulazimu. Pale ambapo haikutajwa, badala yake hutolewa zawadi kulingana na uwezo wa mume, na hakuna eda inayolazimu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Half the named mahr is due. Where none was named, a gift according to his means is given instead, and no ‘iddah is owed.
Q 2:236–237, 33:49
05Wasioruhusiwa kuoanaWho may not marry
Walio haramu milele
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Forbidden permanently
Kwa damu — mama na mabibi, binti na wajukuu wa kike, dada, shangazi wa upande wa baba na wa upande wa mama, binti wa kaka au wa dada.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
By blood — mother and grandmothers, daughter and granddaughters, sister, aunt paternal and maternal, niece by brother or sister.
Kwa ndoa — mama wa mke, binti wa mke mara ndoa inapokuwa imeingiliwa, mke wa mwana, mke wa baba.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
By marriage — wife’s mother, wife’s daughter once the marriage is consummated, son’s wife, father’s wife.
Kwa kunyonya — kila uhusiano ulio haramu kwa damu ni haramu kwa maziwa, pale ambapo manyonyesho matano kamili yalifanyika ndani ya miaka miwili ya kwanza.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
By suckling — every relation forbidden by blood is forbidden by milk, where five full feeds were taken within the first two years.
Q 4:23; Muslim · sahihi
Walio haramu maadamu sababu ipo
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Forbidden while a cause lasts
Dada wawili kwa wakati mmoja; mwanamke na shangazi yake kwa wakati mmoja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Two sisters at once; a woman and her aunt at once.
Mwanamke ambaye tayari ameolewa, au bado yumo ndani ya eda yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A woman already married, or still within her ‘iddah.
Mke wa tano wakati wanne wapo katika ndoa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A fifth wife while four are held.
Mwanamke Mwislamu kwa mwanamume asiye Mwislamu. Mwanamume Mwislamu anaweza kumwoa mwanamke mwenye staha katika Watu wa Kitabu, ingawa kumwoa mwanamke Mwislamu ni bora.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A Muslim woman to a non-Muslim man. A Muslim man may marry a chaste woman of the People of the Book, though marrying a Muslim woman is better.
Q 5:5, 2:221; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi. Ndoa ya muda (mut‘ah) ilikatazwa kwa mara ya mwisho huko Khaybar na ni batili kwa ijmaa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Q 5:5, 2:221; Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ. Temporary marriage (mut‘ah) was prohibited finally at Khaybar and is void by consensus.
06Haki
Haki za mke juu ya mume
Matumizi — chakula, mavazi na makazi — kulingana na uwezo wa mume, si wa mke.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Maintenance — food, clothing and a home — according to his means, not hers.
Kuishi naye kwa wema, na subira kwa asiyoyapenda.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Kind companionship, and patience with what he dislikes.
Mahari yake kamili, na mali yake mwenyewe isiguswe.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Her mahr in full, and her own property untouched.
Uadilifu katika muda na matumizi pale ambapo kuna mke zaidi ya mmoja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Justice in time and provision where there is more than one wife.
Kufundishwa dini yake, na kutozuiwa nayo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
To be taught her religion, and not prevented from it.
Q 4:19, 65:7; Muslim · sahihi — hotuba ya Hija ya Kuaga.
Haki za mume juu ya mke
Utiifu katika yaliyo halali — kamwe si katika kumuasi Allah.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Obedience in what is lawful — never in disobedience to Allah.
Kulinda heshima yake, nyumba yake na mali yake asipokuwepo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Guarding his honour, his household and his property in his absence.
Kutomwingiza nyumbani kwake mtu asiyempenda.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Not admitting into his home one he dislikes.
Muslim · sahihi — “Mbora wenu ni aliye mbora kwa familia yake.” Tirmidhi · sahihi
Walima
Ni sunna muakkada baada ya kuingiliana, hata ikiwa ndogo kiasi gani — yeye ﷺ alifanya moja kwa vipimo viwili vya shayiri. Kuitikia mwaliko ni faradhi isipokuwa kwa mwenye udhuru.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A sunnah mu’akkadah after consummation, however modest — he ﷺ held one with two measures of barley. Accepting the invitation is obligatory unless excused.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
07TalakaṬalāq
Ni halali inayochukiwa kuliko zote. Kabla yake: mawaidha, kisha kutengana kitandani, kisha wasuluhishi wawili — mmoja kutoka kila familia.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The most detested of lawful things. Before it: admonition, then separation in bed, then two arbiters — one from each family.
Q 4:35; Abu Dawud · riwaya ni dhaifu kwa isnadi, sahihi kwa maana kwa ijmaa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Q 4:35; Abū Dāwūd · the report is weak in chain, sound in meaning by consensus.
Namna ya Sunna
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The sunnah form
Tamko moja tu, katika kipindi cha twahara ambacho hapakuwa na kujamiiana ndani yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
One pronouncement only, in a period of purity in which no intercourse has occurred.
Hubaki nyumbani muda wote wa eda — hatolewi, wala haondoki.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
She remains in the home throughout the ‘iddah — she is not turned out, nor does she leave.
Anaweza kumrejea ndani ya eda bila akdi mpya. Hili linaruhusiwa mara mbili.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
He may take her back within the ‘iddah without a new contract. This is allowed twice.
Baada ya ya tatu, si halali kwake hadi aolewe na mwingine katika ndoa ya kweli ambayo kisha inaisha yenyewe.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
After the third, she is not lawful to him until she marries another in a genuine marriage that then ends of itself.
Q 2:229–230, 65:1; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Tatu kwa mara moja: huhesabiwa kuwa tatu na ni ya mwisho kwa mujibu wa Ḥ, M, S na Ḥb; wanazuoni wachache huihesabu kuwa moja. Ikitamkwa kwa ghadhabu au kwa mzaha, hupita.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Three at once: counted as three and final per Ḥ, M, S and Ḥb; a minority of scholars count it one. Uttered in rage or in jest, it takes effect.
Khului — kwa ombi la mke
Hurudisha mahari, au sehemu yake, na ndoa huvunjwa. Eda yake ni hedhi moja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
She returns the mahr, or part of it, and the marriage is dissolved. Her ‘iddah is one menstrual cycle.
Bukhari · sahihi — mke wa Thabit bin Qays.
08Eda‘Iddah
Muda wa kungoja. Lengo lake ni yakini ya nasaba, na fursa ya kurejeana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The waiting period. Its purpose is certainty of lineage, and the chance of return.
Aliyeachwa, bado anapata hedhi
Vipindi vitatu. Ḥ na Ḥb husoma qurū’ kuwa ni hedhi; M na S kuwa ni twahara zilizo kati yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Three cycles. Ḥ and Ḥb read qurū’ as menstruations; M and S as the purities between them.
Aliyekoma hedhi, au mdogo mno
Miezi mitatu ya mwandamo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Three lunar months.
Mjamzito
Hadi ajifungue — iwe kwa talaka au kwa kifo, na hata ikiwa ni siku inayofuata.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Until she delivers — whether by divorce or by death, and even if it is the day after.
Mjane
Miezi minne na siku kumi. Hukaa maombolezo: bila manukato, bila mapambo, naye hubaki katika nyumba ya ndoa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Four months and ten days. She observes mourning: no perfume, no adornment, and she remains in the marital home.
Ndoa bado haijaingiliwa
Hakuna kabisa. Anaweza kuolewa tena mara moja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
None at all. She may remarry at once.
Q 2:228, 2:234, 33:49, 65:4; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi. Matumizi huendelea katika eda ya talaka rejea. Malezi ya mtoto mdogo ni kwa mama maadamu hajaolewa tena; mtoto huchagua anapofikia umri wa kupambanua kwa mujibu wa S na Ḥb.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Q 2:228, 2:234, 33:49, 65:4; Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ. Maintenance continues through a revocable ‘iddah. Custody of a young child rests with the mother while she does not remarry; the child chooses at discernment per S and Ḥb.
Mistari yenye ukingo wa nukta ni matamshi ya Kiarabu, yaliyotokana na irabu zake kwa kanuni. Haitoki katika machapisho na haijapitiwa: pale inapotofautiana na Kiarabu, Kiarabu ndicho sahihi.
Katika lugha hii maktaba inasomwa kwa tafsiri ya rasimu ya toleo la Kimataifa. Imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na hakuna mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha aliyeihakiki bado. Kiarabu ndicho chanzo; Kiingereza kinaweza kuonyeshwa kando yake. Pale chapisho linaponukuu Qur’ani, maana inayoonyeshwa ni maneno ya toleo lililochapishwa, Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center (QuranEnc.com), na si rasimu.
Chapisha chapisho hili
Kimataifa · Kiarabu · Kiingereza
Ndani · Kiarabu · বাংলা · Kiingereza
Chapisha kwa 100%, kamwe usichague “tosheleza ukurasa” (fit to page), la sivyo kadi hazitakunjika kwa kipimo sahihi.
Bure kuchapisha na kushiriki. Si kwa ajili ya kuuzwa.
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