Dhul-Hijja · 01 kati ya 08
Kadi za pochi
Dhul-Hijja na Idd
ذو الحجة والعيدانDhul-Ḥijjah & the ‘Īds
Uhakiki wa wanazuoni: unasubiriwa
Maandishi haya yanatoka kwenye maktaba ya machapisho ya Sabīl. Uhakiki wake wa wanazuoni bado unaendelea; kila kipengele kitaonyesha majina ya wahakiki wake na tarehe mara tu wanazuoni wawili watakapokitia saini.
Tafsiri ya rasimu: imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na bado haijasomwa na mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha. Pale mstari usipoeleweka, onyesha Kiingereza na utegemee Kiarabu.
Mistari inayohusu hukumu huonyeshwa kila mara pamoja na Kiingereza cha chapa chini yake. Mstari ambao rasimu yake haikupita ukaguzi huonyeshwa kwa Kiingereza pekee.
Siku Kumi na Idd
الْعَشْرُ
Al-‘ashr
Kwa wasio katika Hija. Siku bora za mwaka, na yanayofanywa ndani yake nyumbani.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
For those not on pilgrimage. The best days of the year, and what is done in them at home.
2 · Siku kumi za mwanzo
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
2 · The first ten days
3 · Saumu ya Arafa
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
3 · The fast of ‘Arafah
4 · Takbira — aina mbili
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
4 · Takbīr — the two kinds
5 · Udhhiya — kuchinja
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
5 · Uḍḥiyah — the sacrifice
6 · Swala ya Idd
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
6 · The ‘Īd prayer
7 · Takbira, madhehebu kwa madhehebu
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
7 · The takbīrs, madhhab by madhhab
8 · Siku yenyewe, na Idd el-Fitr
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
8 · The day itself, and ‘Īd al-Fiṭr
Ḥ = Hanafi · M = Maliki · S = Shafii · Ḥb = Hanbali.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ = Ḥanafī · M = Mālikī · S = Shāfi‘ī · Ḥb = Ḥanbalī.
02Siku kumi za mwanzo
Hakuna siku ambazo matendo mema ndani yake yanapendwa zaidi na Allah kuliko hizi — hata jihadi katika njia Yake, isipokuwa mtu aliyetoka kwa nafsi yake na mali yake kisha asirudi na chochote kati ya hivyo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
No days are more beloved to Allah for righteous deeds than these — not even striving in His path, save one who goes out with himself and his wealth and returns with neither.
Bukhari · sahihi — hadithi ya Ibn Abbasـؓ
Mambo ya kuzijaza
Funga siku tisa za mwanzo, au nyingi uwezavyo. Ya tisa ndiyo iliyosisitizwa zaidi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Fast the first nine, or as many as you can. The ninth is the most emphasised.
Sema takbira, tahlili na tahmidi kwa wingi na kwa sauti, masokoni na barabarani.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Say takbīr, tahlīl and taḥmīd abundantly and aloud, in the markets and the streets.
Toa sadaka kila siku, hata kama ni kidogo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Give charity daily, however little.
Soma Qur’ani kwa sehemu maalumu ya kila siku.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Read the Qur’ān with a fixed daily portion.
Swali swala ya usiku, na uzihifadhi sunna za mchana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Pray the night prayer, and guard the sunan of the day.
Maliza yaliyo kati yako na wengine — madeni, na mahusiano ya udugu yaliyokatika.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Settle what is between you and others — debts, and severed ties of kinship.
Ahmad · sahihi — Ibn Umar na Abu Hurayra walikuwa wakitoka kwenda sokoni wakisema takbira, na watu wakiisema pamoja nao.
Ukikusudia kuchinja: tangu kuonekana kwa mwezi mwandamo hadi mnyama achinjwe, usiondoe chochote katika nywele zako, kucha zako wala ngozi yako.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
If you intend to sacrifice: from the sighting of the new moon until the animal is slaughtered, take nothing from your hair, nails or skin.
Muslim · sahihi. Inalazimu kwa mujibu wa S na Ḥb; ni makuruhu lakini inaruhusiwa kuivunja kwa mujibu wa Ḥ na M.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ. Binding per S and Ḥb; disliked but permitted to break per Ḥ and M.
03Saumu ya Arafa
Tarehe tisa ya Dhul-Hijja. Saumu yake ni kafara ya mwaka uliotangulia na mwaka unaofuata.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The ninth of Dhul-Ḥijjah. Its fast expiates the year before it and the year after it.
Muslim · sahihi
Kwa wasio Arafa. Hujaji anayesimama hapo hafungi — Mtume ﷺ alisimama siku hiyo bila kufunga, na akanywa maziwa mbele ya macho ya watu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
For those not in ‘Arafah. The pilgrim standing there does not fast — the Prophet ﷺ stood that day not fasting, and drank milk in the people’s sight.
Funga kwa kufuata mwandamo wa mwezi wa mahali unapoishi; kutofautiana na siku ya mahujaji si kosa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Fast by the local sighting where you live; differing from the pilgrims’ day is no fault.
Ni siku ya dua kuliko siku nyingine zote, uwe umefunga au hujafunga.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
A day of du‘ā above all others, whether fasting or not.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Siku ambazo ni haramu kufunga
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Days it is forbidden to fast
Siku ya Idd el-Fitr.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The day of ‘Īd al-Fiṭr.
Siku ya Idd el-Adha — tarehe kumi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The day of ‘Īd al-Aḍḥā — the tenth.
Siku za tashriq — tarehe 11, 12 na 13, “siku za kula, kunywa na kumtaja Allah.”
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The days of tashrīq — the 11th, 12th and 13th, “days of eating, drinking and remembrance of Allah.”
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Isipokuwa mmoja tu: hujaji anayefanya tamattu ambaye hakupata hadyi anaweza kufunga siku za tashriq, kama ilivyopokelewa kutoka kwa Ibn Umar na Aisha.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The only exception: a pilgrim performing tamattu‘ who found no hady may fast the days of tashrīq, as recorded of Ibn ‘Umar and ‘Ā’ishah.
Bukhari · sahihi
04Takbira
Maneno yake
اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ
Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, lā ilāha illallāh, wallāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, wa lillāhil-ḥamd
Maneno ya Ibn Mas‘ud, yaliyopokelewa na Ibn Abi Shayba · sahihi. Ya mara tatu na maneno mengine pia yamepokelewa; hakuna namna moja inayolazimu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The wording of Ibn Mas‘ūd, recorded by Ibn Abī Shaybah · authentic. Threefold and other wordings are also reported; no one form is binding.
Mutlaq — isiyo na kizuizi
Husemwa wakati wowote, mahali popote, tangu usiku wa kwanza wa Dhul-Hijja hadi jua linapozama tarehe 13. Wanaume huinyanyua kwa sauti, wanawake kwa sauti ya chini.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Said at any time, in any place, from the first night of Dhul-Ḥijjah until the sun sets on the 13th. Raised aloud by men, softly by women.
Muqayyad — baada ya swala
Husemwa mara moja baada ya kila swala ya faradhi, punde tu baada ya salamu, kuanzia:
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Said once after each obligatory prayer, immediately following the salām, from:
Alfajiri ya tarehe 9 → Alasiri ya tarehe 13
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Fajr of the 9th → ‘Aṣr of the 13th
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb wote huanzia hapa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb all begin here.
Ḥ humalizia Alasiri ya tarehe 13; S humalizia hapo pia.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ ends at ‘Aṣr of the 13th; S ends there also.
Swala ishirini na tatu kwa jumla. Hujaji badala yake huanza baada ya Adhuhuri ya tarehe 10, mara tu kurusha mawe kunapokamilika.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Twenty-three prayers in all. The pilgrim begins instead after Ẓuhr on the 10th, once the stoning is done.
Q 2:203, 22:28; Bukhari · kichwa cha mlango, pamoja na desturi ya Umar na Maswahaba.
05Udhhiya
Wajibu kwa mujibu wa Ḥ kwa kila mkazi mwenye uwezo; Sunna iliyosisitizwa kwa mujibu wa M, S na Ḥb. Mnyama mmoja anamtosha mtu na watu wa nyumba yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Wājib per Ḥ on every resident of means; a confirmed sunnah per M, S and Ḥb. One animal suffices for a man and his household.
Mnyama
Kondoo — miezi 6 · mtu mmoja
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Sheep — 6 months · one person
Mbuzi — mwaka 1 · mtu mmoja
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Goat — 1 year · one person
Ng’ombe — miaka 2 · hushirikiwa na watu saba
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Cow — 2 years · shared by seven
Ngamia — miaka 5 · hushirikiwa na watu saba
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Camel — 5 years · shared by seven
Kasoro nne humwondolea sifa: upofu ulio dhahiri, ugonjwa ulio wazi, uchechemeaji ulio bayana, na kukonda kusikoacha uboho.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Four defects disqualify: an obvious blindness, an evident illness, a clear lameness, and emaciation leaving no marrow.
Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi · sahihi — hadithi ya al-Bara’ bin Azibـؓ
Wakati
Baada ya swala ya Idd tarehe 10 hadi jua kuzama tarehe 13. Akichinjwa kabla ya swala, ni nyama kwa ajili ya familia na si udhhiya hata kidogo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
After the ‘Īd prayer on the 10th until sunset on the 13th. Slaughtered before the prayer, it is meat for the family and no sacrifice at all.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Sema Bismillāh, Allāhu akbar na, ukipenda, Allāhumma hādhā minka wa laka. Igawe mafungu matatu: watu wa nyumbani kwako, zawadi kwa majirani na jamaa, na maskini. Usiuze chochote katika hiyo — si nyama, si ngozi, wala sufu — na mlipe mchinjaji kando.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Say Bismillāh, Allāhu akbar and, if you wish, Allāhumma hādhā minka wa laka. Divide it in three: your household, gifts to neighbours and family, and the poor. Sell nothing of it — not the meat, the hide, nor the wool — and pay the butcher separately.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
06Swala ya Idd
Rakaa mbili, huswaliwa kwa jamaa baada ya jua kupanda kiasi cha urefu wa mkuki na kabla halijafika utosini. Hakuna adhana, hakuna ikama, wala swala ya nafila kabla yake au baada yake mahali pa kuswalia.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Two rak‘ahs, prayed in congregation after the sun has risen the height of a spear and before it reaches its zenith. No adhān, no iqāmah, and no voluntary prayer before or after it in the place of prayer.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Hukumu yake
Ḥ — wajibu kwa wanaolazimika kuswali Ijumaa.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥ — wājib on those obliged to pray Jumu‘ah.
Ḥb — faradhi kifaya kwa jamii.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Ḥb — farḍ kifāyah upon the community.
M, S — Sunna iliyosisitizwa, inayohimizwa sana.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
M, S — a confirmed sunnah, strongly urged.
Kinachosomwa
Al-A‘la katika rakaa ya kwanza na al-Ghashiya katika ya pili; au Qaf na al-Qamar. Husomwa kwa sauti.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Al-A‘lā in the first rak‘ah and al-Ghāshiyah in the second; or Qāf and al-Qamar. Recited aloud.
Muslim · sahihi
Hotuba
Hutolewa baada ya swala, tofauti na Ijumaa, na si sharti la kusihi kwake. Kuisikiliza ni mustahabu, na anayeondoka hana dhambi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Delivered after the prayer, unlike Jumu‘ah, and it is not a condition of its validity. Listening to it is recommended, and one who leaves is not sinful.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Abu Dawud, Nasa’i · sahihi
Huswaliwa mahali pa wazi nje ya mji pale inapowezekana, kama ilivyokuwa desturi yake ﷺ — hata wanawake na wasichana wadogo walitolewa nje, na wale wenye udhuru wa kutoswali walikaa kando na kushuhudia kheri.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Prayed in an open place outside the town where possible, as was his ﷺ practice — even the women and young girls were brought out, and those excused from prayer sat apart and witnessed the good.
07Takbira za Idd
Takbira za ziada ndani ya swala zinatofautiana kuliko jambo jingine lolote katika Idd, na kila namna ni sahihi. Mfuate imamu wako.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
The extra takbīrs within the prayer differ more than any other matter in the ‘Īd, and every form is sound. Follow your imam.
Hanafi · 3 + 3Ḥanafī · 3 + 3
Tatu katika rakaa ya kwanza baada ya dua ya kufungulia, kabla ya al-Fatiha. Tatu katika ya pili baada ya kisomo, kabla tu ya kurukuu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Three in the first rak‘ah after the opening du‘ā, before al-Fātiḥah. Three in the second after the recitation, just before bowing.
Maliki · 6 + 5Mālikī · 6 + 5
Sita za ziada katika ya kwanza, zinazokuwa saba pamoja na takbira ya kufungulia. Tano za ziada katika ya pili. Zote kabla ya kisomo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Six extra in the first, making seven with the opening takbīr. Five extra in the second. Both before the recitation.
Shafii · 7 + 5Shāfi‘ī · 7 + 5
Saba za ziada katika ya kwanza, mbali na takbira ya kufungulia. Tano za ziada katika ya pili. Zote kabla ya al-Fatiha, kwa kutulia kati ya kila mbili ili kumhimidi Allah.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Seven extra in the first, besides the opening takbīr. Five extra in the second. Both before al-Fātiḥah, pausing between each to praise Allah.
Hanbali · 6 + 5Ḥanbalī · 6 + 5
Sita za ziada katika ya kwanza, tano katika ya pili, zote kabla ya kisomo, mikono ikinyanyuliwa kwa kila moja.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Six extra in the first, five in the second, both before the recitation, with the hands raised at each.
Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah · sahihi. Kusahau takbira hakubatilishi swala, wala hailazimu sijda ya kusahau kwa ajili yake.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Abū Dāwūd, Ibn Mājah · ṣaḥīḥ. Forgetting a takbīr does not invalidate the prayer, and no sujūd as-sahw is owed for it.
08Siku yenyewe
Oga, na uvae nguo bora zaidi ulizonazo.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Bathe, and wear the best clothing you own.
Jipake manukato — wanaume tu.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Apply perfume — men only.
Nenda mapema, na utembee kwa miguu ukiweza.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Go early, and walk if you are able.
Rudi nyumbani kwa njia nyingine.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Return home by a different route.
Sema takbira kwa sauti njiani.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Say the takbīr aloud on the way.
Walete watu wote wa nyumbani, pamoja na watoto.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
Bring the whole household, children included.
Bukhari · sahihi
Kula
Idd el-Fitr — kula kabla ya kutoka: tende kwa idadi ya witiri.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
‘Īd al-Fiṭr — eat before leaving: an odd number of dates.
Idd el-Adha — usile chochote hadi urudi, na ufungue siku kwa mnyama wako wa udhhiya.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
‘Īd al-Aḍḥā — eat nothing until you return, and break the day with your sacrifice.
Bukhari · sahihi; Tirmidhi · sahihi
Maamkizi
تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنَّا وَمِنْكُمْ
Taqabbalallāhu minnā wa minkum
Allah atukubalie sisi na nyinyi.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
May Allah accept from us and from you.
Desturi ya Maswahaba, iliyonukuliwa na Ibn Hajar kwa isnadi nzuri.
Idd el-Fitr inatofautiana kwa haya tu: Zakatul-Fitr hutolewa kabla ya swala, takbira huanzia jua linapozama usiku wa mwisho wa Ramadhani hadi imamu afike, na saumu sita za Shawwal zinaweza kuanza siku inayofuata.
Kiingereza cha chapa, huonyeshwa kila mara:
‘Īd al-Fiṭr differs only in this: zakāt al-fiṭr is paid before the prayer, the takbīr runs from sunset on the last night of Ramaḍān until the imam arrives, and the six fasts of Shawwāl may begin the following day.
Mistari yenye ukingo wa nukta ni matamshi ya Kiarabu, yaliyotokana na irabu zake kwa kanuni. Haitoki katika machapisho na haijapitiwa: pale inapotofautiana na Kiarabu, Kiarabu ndicho sahihi.
Katika lugha hii maktaba inasomwa kwa tafsiri ya rasimu ya toleo la Kimataifa. Imetengenezwa na mashine kutoka Kiarabu na Kiingereza, na hakuna mwanazuoni wala mhariri mzawa wa lugha aliyeihakiki bado. Kiarabu ndicho chanzo; Kiingereza kinaweza kuonyeshwa kando yake. Pale chapisho linaponukuu Qur’ani, maana inayoonyeshwa ni maneno ya toleo lililochapishwa, Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center (QuranEnc.com), na si rasimu.
Chapisha chapisho hili
Kimataifa · Kiarabu · Kiingereza
Ndani · Kiarabu · বাংলা · Kiingereza
Chapisha kwa 100%, kamwe usichague “tosheleza ukurasa” (fit to page), la sivyo kadi hazitakunjika kwa kipimo sahihi.
Bure kuchapisha na kushiriki. Si kwa ajili ya kuuzwa.
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