Better than: saying more, with min
How Arabic compares two things, and eight common nouns with it, two of them given no meaning by the course.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 64.4%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 78.5%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
Arabic compares two things with a word of comparison, then min from lesson 3. This lesson teaches that, and eight common nouns, two of which are themselves words of comparison.
The new words
- خَيْرKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: خَيْرٌ · خَيْرًا · خَيْرُ
good; better
Mzizi: خ ي رMara katika Qur’ani: 178
- أَكْثَرKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَكْثَرَ · أَكْثَرُ · أَكْثَرِ
more, most
Mzizi: ك ث رMara katika Qur’ani: 80
- أَحَدKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَحَدٍ · أَحَدًا · أَحَدٌ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ا ح دMara katika Qur’ani: 74
- مِثْلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: مِثْلَ · مِّثْلُ · مِثْلِ
like, the like of
Mzizi: م ث لMara katika Qur’ani: 75
- مَثَلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: مَثَلُ · مَثَلًا · مَثَلِ
likeness, example
Mzizi: م ث لMara katika Qur’ani: 88
- عَمَلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَعْمَٰلَ · أَعْمَٰلُ · عَمَلِ
deed, work
Mzizi: ع م لMara katika Qur’ani: 71
- أَجْرKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَجْرًا · أَجْرَ · أَجْرٌ
wage, reward
Mzizi: ا ج رMara katika Qur’ani: 105
- فَضْلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: فَضْلِ · فَضْلُ · فَضْلٍ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ف ض لMara katika Qur’ani: 84
Two of them, aḥad and faḍl, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Better than
Khayr is "good" and, when it compares with min, "better".
Laylatul Qadri ni bora kuliko miezi elfu.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Khayrun is the third word of this verse, and min is the fourth: khayrun min, "better than". The corpus marks khayr masculine singular and nominative, with tanwīn, and marks laylah, the noun it is said of, feminine: compared with min, it stays masculine singular.
This house is better than that one.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā l-baytu khayrun min dhālika: "this house", then "better than", then "that one".
A pattern for more
The usual word of comparison is built on a pattern with a- in front of the root: a before the first letter, and a between the last two. From the root k-th-r, of kathīr in lesson 21, comes akthar: "more" and "most".
- أَكْثَرُmore, most
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Aktharuhum is akthar and hum: "most of them". The corpus marks it masculine singular, nominative. Before min, akthar is "more"; with a pronoun joined to it, as here, it is "most", and no min follows.
A word read in the verses
- أَحَدٌ
Aḥadun: the corpus marks it indefinite, nominative. Lam, from lesson 4, is two words before it in the verse.
Like, as a noun
Lesson 10 taught ka-, "like", joined to the front of a word. Mithl says the same as a noun of its own, and joins what follows as an iḍāfah or takes a pronoun.
- مِثْلُlike, the like of
- هَاher; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Mithluhā is mithlu and hā, "it" or "her". The corpus marks mithl masculine, nominative.
Mathal is another noun from the same root, m-th-l: "a likeness" or "an example".
- مَثَلُlikeness, example
Mathalu: the corpus marks it nominative. It has no tanwīn, because it is the first noun of an iḍāfah.
Three nouns
ʿAmal, "deed" or "work", is the noun of ʿamila from lesson 7.
- أَعْمَٰلَdeed, work
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Aʿmālahum is aʿmāla and hum: the corpus gives it the lemma ʿamal, and marks it masculine plural, accusative. It is a broken plural.
- أَجْرٌwage, reward
Ajrun, indefinite and nominative.
- فَضْلُ
Faḍlu, nominative, with no tanwīn: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Na mtu akasema: "Ina nini?"
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Sema: Yeye Mwenyezi Mungu ni wa Pekee.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Hakika katika hayo ipo ishara kwa Waumini.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- Which small word follows a word of comparison when it compares two things?
- What pattern does akthar have?
- What is mithl, beside ka-?
Answers: min; a- in front of the root, and a between its last two letters; a noun, where ka- is joined to the word after it.
Next
The last lesson of this stage teaches how a sentence with a verb is ordered, and eight more words read in the verses.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)