Brother, father, owner: a case shown with a long vowel
Family words, and three nouns that show their case with a long vowel before what follows them.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
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Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 59,6 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 75,6 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
Most nouns show their case with a short vowel at the end. A few short nouns show it with a long one when they are joined to what follows. This lesson teaches three of them, with five more words for people.
The new words
- أَخTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَخَا · أَخِي · إِخْوَٰنِ
brother
Racine: ا خ وOccurrences dans le Coran: 75
- أَبٌTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَبِي · أَبَا · أَبَتِ
father
Racine: ا ب وOccurrences dans le Coran: 46
- ذُوTel que le Coran l’écrit: ذُو · ذِى · ذَاتِ
owner of, having
Occurrences dans le Coran: 93
- آبَاءTel que le Coran l’écrit: ءَابَآؤُ · ءَابَآءَ · ءَابَآئِ
fathers, forefathers
Racine: ا ب وOccurrences dans le Coran: 64
- ٱبْنTel que le Coran l’écrit: ٱبْنَ · أَبْنَآءَ · ٱبْنُ
son
Racine: ب ن يOccurrences dans le Coran: 63
- زَوْجTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَزْوَٰجِ · أَزْوَٰجًا · أَزْوَٰجَ
spouse, one of a pair
Racine: ز و جOccurrences dans le Coran: 76
- نِسَآءTel que le Coran l’écrit: نِّسَآءِ · نِسَآءَ · نِّسَآءَ
women
Racine: ن س وOccurrences dans le Coran: 59
- إِنسَٰنTel que le Coran l’écrit: إِنسَٰنُ · إِنسَٰنَ · إِنسَٰنِ
human being
Racine: ا ن سOccurrences dans le Coran: 71
u, a, i made long
Akh, "brother", and ab, "father", take a long vowel at the end when a word or a pronoun follows, and dhū, "owner of", when a word follows: ū in the nominative, ā in the accusative, ī in the genitive. With -ī, "my", there is no such ending: it takes the ending's place, as lesson 14 showed in abī, so akhī serves in every case.
- وَand
- أَخُوbrother
- هُhim, his; it, its
Wa-akhūhu is wa, then akhū, then hu, "his". The corpus marks akhū nominative.
- أَخَاbrother
Akhā, and the corpus marks it accusative. The word after it is the second noun of an iḍāfah, as lesson 8 taught.
- أَخِيbrother
- هِhim, his; it, its
Akhīhi is akhī and hi. The corpus marks akhī genitive; after ī, the pronoun hu is said hi, as lesson 12 taught.
- أَبِىfather
Abī, the same ending on ab: the corpus marks it genitive. Here ī is the ending and not "my": the corpus shows no pronoun on it. The word after it is the second noun of the iḍāfah.
Dhū
Dhū does not stand alone: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah, and says that someone or something has what follows it.
- ذُوowner of, having
Dhū, nominative.
- ذَا
Dhā, accusative. The corpus gives this form a lemma of its own, dhā, and does not count it under dhū.
- ذِىowner of, having
Dhī, genitive, and the corpus gives it the lemma dhū again. In all three the ending follows the case, as it does on akh and ab.
In a sentence
Three sentences written for practice show the same noun in three cases.
Your brother is in the house.
Akhūka: nominative, the subject of the sentence.
I saw your brother.
Akhāka: accusative, the one seen.
I went with your brother.
Akhīka: genitive, after maʿa.
More words for people
Ābāʾ, abnāʾ and azwāj are broken plurals, the kind lesson 9 explained.
- وَand
- ءَابَآؤُfathers, forefathers
- كُمyou, your (more than two)
Wa-ābāʾukum is wa, then ābāʾu, then kum, "your". Ābāʾ is taught as a word of its own, because the corpus gives it a lemma of its own beside ab, and marks it masculine plural.
- أَبْنَآءَson
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Abnāʾahum is abnāʾa and hum, "their". The corpus gives it the lemma ibn, "son", and marks it masculine plural.
- أَزْوَٰجًاspouse, one of a pair
Azwājan: the corpus gives it the lemma zawj, and marks it masculine plural.
- ٱلthe
- نِّسَآءَwomen
An-nisāʾa is al- and nisāʾ. The corpus marks it feminine plural. It has no singular from the same root.
- ٱلْthe
- إِنسَٰنُhuman being
Al-insānu is al- and insān, and the corpus marks it masculine, nominative.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
C’est bien de cette manière que Nous traiterons les mécréants.
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3vous faisiez revenir cette âme, si vous dites la vérité ?
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Que l’homme considère ce dont il est créé !
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- Which long vowel does akh take in the accusative?
- What is the first noun of an iḍāfah that says someone has something?
- What lemma does the corpus give abnāʾ?
Answers: ā, akhā; dhū; ibn.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight nouns of the world around us, and how a noun is made definite.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)