The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 51,7 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 70,7 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَTel que le Coran l’écrit: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Racine: ا خ ذOccurrences dans le Coran: 124
- ظَلَمَTel que le Coran l’écrit: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Racine: ظ ل مOccurrences dans le Coran: 110
- كَذَّبَTel que le Coran l’écrit: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
Aucun sens n’est donné ici : ce mot porte la religion, et son sens se lit dans les versets, avec leur sens à côté.
Racine: ك ذ بOccurrences dans le Coran: 176
- أَخْرَجَTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Racine: خ ر جOccurrences dans le Coran: 99
- قَتَلَTel que le Coran l’écrit: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Racine: ق ت لOccurrences dans le Coran: 83
- رَجَعَTel que le Coran l’écrit: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Racine: ر ج عOccurrences dans le Coran: 79
- وَعَدَTel que le Coran l’écrit: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Racine: و ع دOccurrences dans le Coran: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰTel que le Coran l’écrit: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Racine: و ل يOccurrences dans le Coran: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
N’as-tu pas vu celui qui a tourné le dos à la foi,
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3mais a renié la vérité et s’est détourné de la foi,
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3qui a renié la vérité et s’est détourné,
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)