The present form of the verb, and the future
How a verb in its present form begins with a letter that tells you who acts, and how one letter in front of it makes it future.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 35,4 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 60,1 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
The past form of a verb tells you who acted by its ending. The present form tells you mostly by its beginning: a letter in front of the root. This lesson teaches that, four more common verbs, and the letter sa-, which turns the present into the future.
The new words
- عَمِلَTel que le Coran l’écrit: تَعْمَلُ · عَمِلُ · يَعْمَلُ
do, work (ʿamila: he did)
Racine: ع م لOccurrences dans le Coran: 276
- رَءَاTel que le Coran l’écrit: يَرَ · تَرَ · رَءَيْ
see (raʾā: he saw)
Racine: ر ا يOccurrences dans le Coran: 271
- أَتَىTel que le Coran l’écrit: يَأْتِي · يَأْتِ · أَتَىٰ
come, come to, bring (atā: he came)
Racine: ا ت يOccurrences dans le Coran: 264
- آتَىTel que le Coran l’écrit: ءَاتَيْ · أُوتُ · ءَاتَىٰ
give (ātā: he gave)
Racine: ا ت يOccurrences dans le Coran: 271
- سَ
will (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 119
The letter in front
In the present form, the first letter says who does the action:
- ya- is "he", and with -ūna at the end, "they";
- ta- is "you", and also "she";
- a- is "I";
- na- is "we".
- يَرَىٰsee (raʾā: he saw)
Yarā is "he sees": ya- in front of the verb raʾā, "saw", whose hamzah (the middle letter of the root r-ʾ-y) drops out in this form. The corpus marks the verb as imperfect, its name for the present form, and third person, masculine, singular.
- فَso, then, and so
- تَأْتُcome, come to, bring (atā: he came)
- ونَyou, your (more than two)
Fa-taʾtūna is fa, "so", then taʾtu, "come", with ta- in front for "you", then ūna, the plural "you" of the second lesson. The corpus marks the verb second person, masculine, plural, and divides ūna off as the doer.
The future
Sa-, joined to the front of a present verb, says the action is still to come.
- سَwill (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
- يَعْلَمُknow (ʿalima: he knew)
- ونَthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Sa-yaʿlamūna is sa, "will", then yaʿlamu, "know", the present of ʿalima from the last lesson, then ūna, "they": "they will know". You know every part of this word.
Giving
- يُؤْتِىgive (ātā: he gave)
Yuʾtī is the present of ātā, "gave". Its first vowel is u, not a: the corpus marks ātā as form IV, a pattern of the verb that the next stage of the course teaches.
In a sentence
I see the sky.
This sentence was written for practice. Arā, "I see": a-, "I", in front of the verb.
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
les sommant de répondre de leurs agissements et de leur comportement passé.
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Noé répliqua : « Suis-je chargé de savoir ce qu’ils font ?
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Les faibles diront aux puissants : « Vous nous avez détournés de la bonne voie. »
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- Which letter in front of a present verb means "we"?
- What does sa- do?
- In yarā, who sees?
Answers: na-; it makes the verb future; "he".
Next
The next lesson teaches "every", "thing", "between", "before", "then", "or", "when" and "that", and how two nouns are joined so that one belongs to the other.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)