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Islām and īmān

Īmān and belief in the Qur’ān and the Sabīl library

What īmān believes in, as the Qur’ān and the ḥadīth of Jibrīl name it, who the believers are, and how faith increases, with every source listed.

Écrit par l’IA · relecture par les savants en attente

Les mots de cet article ont été écrits par l’IA à partir de la bibliothèque Sabīl et de ses sources, et vérifiés par l’IA en les comparant à celles-ci. Aucun savant ne l’a encore relu. Les textes arabes, leurs sens et leurs sources sont ceux de la bibliothèque et du Coran, présentés exactement tels qu’ils y figurent. Pour une fatwa sur votre propre situation, interrogez un savant qualifié.

Cet article n’a pas encore été écrit dans cette langue. Il est affiché en anglais.

Publié le 21 octobre 202611 min de lecture

The edition the app uses renders īmān as faith, and its verb as believe. In the verses below it is what a person believes in, and also something in the heart that can increase, which the Qur’ān names alongside prayer, spending and patience. This page follows both. It sets out what is believed in, as the Qur’ān names it and as the ḥadīth of Jibrīl lists it; then the verses that describe the believers; then the verses that speak of faith increasing. Every verse is shown with Tanzil’s Arabic and its meaning in the edition the app uses, and every narration is named by its collection and number at the end. Some verses are shown with the edition’s own notes beneath them; those are that edition’s words, not this page’s, some give the edition’s own teaching, and this page has not checked them. The page gives no ruling; for your own circumstances, ask a scholar.

What is believed in

The Qur’ān names the things believed in more than once. One verse says that the Messenger believes in what was sent down to him from his Lord, as do the believers, and that all of them believe in Allah, His angels, His Books and His messengers.

ءَامَنَ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۚ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَـٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّن رُّسُلِهِۦ ۚ وَقَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۖ غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ

Le Messager a cru en ce qui lui a été révélé de la part de son Seigneur, de même que les croyants, tous ont cru en Allah, en Ses anges, Ses Ecritures et Ses Messagers, affirmant : « Nous ne faisons aucune différence entre Ses Messagers. » Disant encore : « Nous avons entendu Tes paroles et nous obéissons à Tes ordres. Nous implorons, Seigneur, Ton pardon. C’est à Toi que nous retournerons. »

Coran 2:285French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

Another tells the believers to believe in Allah, His Messenger, the Book sent down to him and the Books sent down before, and says that whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers and the Last Day has gone far astray.

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَـٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَـٰلًۢا بَعِيدًا

Vous qui croyez ! Ayez toujours foi en Allah, en Son Messager, au Livre qu’Il a révélé à Son Messager et aux Ecritures qu’Il a révélées avant cela. Quiconque renie Allah, Ses anges, Ses Livres, Ses Messagers et le Jour dernier, s’est gravement écarté de la vérité.

Coran 4:136French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

A third puts belief in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Scriptures and the prophets at the head of what righteousness is, before giving wealth, prayer, zakah, keeping pledges and patience.

لَّيْسَ ٱلْبِرَّ أَن تُوَلُّوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ وَٱلْمَغْرِبِ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلْبِرَّ مَنْ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ وَٱلْكِتَـٰبِ وَٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ وَءَاتَى ٱلْمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦ ذَوِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَـٰكِينَ وَٱبْنَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَٱلسَّآئِلِينَ وَفِى ٱلرِّقَابِ وَأَقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَى ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱلْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا عَـٰهَدُوا۟ ۖ وَٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ فِى ٱلْبَأْسَآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ وَحِينَ ٱلْبَأْسِ ۗ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا۟ ۖ وَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُتَّقُونَ

La piété ne consiste aucunement à tourner son visage en direction du Levant ou du Couchant, mais à croire en Allah, au Jour dernier, aux anges, aux Livres révélés et aux prophètes, à faire don de ses biens - malgré l’amour qu’on peut leur porter - aux proches parents, aux orphelins, aux nécessiteux, aux voyageurs démunis, aux mendiants, mais aussi à affranchir les esclaves[83], à accomplir la prière, à s’acquitter de l’aumône, à honorer les engagements contractés et à endurer patiemment la misère, les souffrances et l’âpreté des combats. Seuls ceux qui agissent ainsi sont sincères dans leur foi et craignent véritablement Allah.

[83] Et payer la rançon des captifs.

Coran 2:177French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

The ḥadīth of Jibrīl: the six articles of faith

The six are listed together in the narration called the ḥadīth of Jibrīl. In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb reports that a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked him about Islām, īmān and iḥsān. Asked about īmān, the Prophet ﷺ answered that it is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers and the Last Day, and to believe in the decree, its good and its evil. At the end the Prophet ﷺ told ʿUmar that the man was Jibrīl, who had come to teach them their religion. Al-Bukhārī has the same occasion from Abū Hurayrah, with a shorter answer about īmān that names Allah, His angels, the meeting with Him, His messengers and the resurrection.

The library’s First Forty Days path gives the same six in its third week: “Read about the six articles of faith. Allah, the angels, the books, the messengers, the Last Day, and the decree.” The library’s Forty Ḥadīth of an-Nawawī has a card on the ḥadīth of Jibrīl; it is not quoted here, because the library’s own checking has open questions about that title, among them how the card abridges the ḥadīth.

Who the believers are

The Qur’ān also describes the believers by what they are like. At the opening of al-Baqarah they are those who believe in the unseen, establish prayer and spend from what Allah has provided.

ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

qui croient aux mystères[4], accomplissent la prière[5] et offrent par charité[6] une partie de ce que Nous leur avons accordé,

[4] Qui croient notamment en Allah, en Ses anges, au Jour dernier, au Paradis et à l’Enfer, pourtant inaccessibles au regard. Les « mystères » de l’islam ne sont donc pas ceux du christianisme (Trinité, Incarnation ou Rédemption) qui, pour leur part, sont inaccessibles à la raison.
[5] La « Salât », prière rituelle formée notamment de la lecture du Coran en position debout, d’inclinaisons et de prosternations, que les musulmans sont tenus d’effectuer cinq fois par jour.
[6] Ou : par obéissance à Allah.

Coran 2:3French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

In al-Anfāl, three verses describe the true believers: their hearts are filled with awe when Allah is mentioned, their faith increases when His verses are recited to them, they put their trust only in their Lord, they establish prayer and spend from what He has provided; and they will have high ranks with their Lord, forgiveness and honourable provision.

إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتُهُۥ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـٰنًا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ

Les vrais croyants sont ceux dont les cœurs frémissent de peur à l’évocation d’Allah, dont la foi s’affermit à l’écoute de Ses versets et qui s’en remettent entièrement à leur Seigneur,

Coran 8:2French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3
ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

ceux qui accomplissent la prière et offrent par charité une partie de ce que Nous leur avons accordé.

Coran 8:3French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3
أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا ۚ لَّهُمْ دَرَجَـٰتٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ

Voilà les vrais croyants qui occuperont de hauts rangs auprès de leur Seigneur et obtiendront Son pardon et des dons généreux.

Coran 8:4French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

In al-Ḥujurāt, the believers are those who believe in Allah and His Messenger and then do not doubt, but fight with their wealth and their lives in the way of Allah; the verse calls them the truthful.

إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَرْتَابُوا۟ وَجَـٰهَدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقُونَ

Les vrais croyants sont ceux qui croient en Allah et en Son Messager sans jamais douter et qui sacrifient leurs biens et leurs vies pour la cause d’Allah. Voilà ceux qui sont sincères dans leur foi.

Coran 49:15French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

Belief and submission

The verse just before it draws a line between the two words. The Bedouins say that they have believed, and they are told to say instead that they have submitted, because faith has not yet entered their hearts; if they obey Allah and His Messenger, nothing of the reward of their deeds will be lost. The edition’s note under the verse links this distinction to the ḥadīth of Jibrīl. The page on Islām gathers the verses on submitting.

قَالَتِ ٱلْأَعْرَابُ ءَامَنَّا ۖ قُل لَّمْ تُؤْمِنُوا۟ وَلَـٰكِن قُولُوٓا۟ أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَمَّا يَدْخُلِ ٱلْإِيمَـٰنُ فِى قُلُوبِكُمْ ۖ وَإِن تُطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ لَا يَلِتْكُم مِّنْ أَعْمَـٰلِكُمْ شَيْـًٔا ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

Les Bédouins prétendent avoir la foi. Dis-leur : « Vous n’avez pas encore la foi. Dites plutôt que vous êtes devenus musulmans, car la foi ne s’est pas encore enracinée dans vos cœurs. Si toutefois vous obéissez à Allah et à Son Messager, Il ne diminuera en rien la récompense de vos œuvres. Allah est Très Clément et Très Miséricordieux. »

Coran 49:14French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

Faith that increases

Several verses speak of faith growing. One says that Allah sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers so that they might increase in faith along with their faith.

هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِينَةَ فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِيَزْدَادُوٓا۟ إِيمَـٰنًا مَّعَ إِيمَـٰنِهِمْ ۗ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا

C’est Lui qui a rempli de sérénité le cœur des croyants afin de raffermir leur foi. C’est à Allah qu’appartiennent les armées des cieux et de la terre. Allah est Omniscient et infiniment Sage.

Coran 48:4French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

Another speaks of believers who were told that people had gathered against them, so they should fear them; it only increased them in faith, and they said that Allah was sufficient for them and the best Protector.

ٱلَّذِينَ قَالَ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّ ٱلنَّاسَ قَدْ جَمَعُوا۟ لَكُمْ فَٱخْشَوْهُمْ فَزَادَهُمْ إِيمَـٰنًا وَقَالُوا۟ حَسْبُنَا ٱللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ ٱلْوَكِيلُ

Ceux qui, lorsqu’il leur fut dit : « Prenez garde ! Vos ennemis ont rassemblé leurs forces contre vous », n’en furent que plus raffermis dans leur foi, affirmant : « Allah, notre plus sûr appui, nous suffit. »

Coran 3:173French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

And one joins faith to guidance: no calamity befalls except by Allah’s permission, and whoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart.

مَآ أَصَابَ مِن مُّصِيبَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ وَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ يَهْدِ قَلْبَهُۥ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

Nulle épreuve ne touche l’homme qu’Allah n’ai décidée. Mais Allah raffermit le cœur de celui qui croit en Lui[3]. Allah a une parfaite connaissance de toute chose.

[3] En l’aidant à accepter patiemment tout ce qu’Il lui a prédestiné.

Coran 64:11French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3

References

Verses of the Qur’ān, by sūrah and verse, shown above: 2:3; 2:177; 2:285; 3:173; 4:136; 8:2–4; 48:4; 49:14–15; 64:11.

Narrations, by collection and number as sunnah.com numbers them: al-Bukhārī by the numbering of Fatḥ al-Bārī; Muslim by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī’s numbers, with the letter sunnah.com adds where it divides one.

  • The ḥadīth of Jibrīl, as ʿUmar reports it, with the six articles of faith: Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 8a.
  • The same occasion, as Abū Hurayrah reports it: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 50.

From the Sabīl library: First Forty Days, its third week, quoted; the Forty Ḥadīth of an-Nawawī, linked, not quoted.

Where to go next

Corrections et commentaires

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