The present form of the verb, and the future
How a verb in its present form begins with a letter that tells you who acts, and how one letter in front of it makes it future.
Waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI
Casharradan waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI, weli macallin Carabi ahina ma akhrin. Aayadaha, macnayaashooda iyo falanqaynta eray kasta waxaa laga soo qaatay ilahooda, kuwaas oo lagu magacaabay meesha lagu muujiyo.
Casharkan waxaa lagu qoray Ingiriisi iyo Bengaali oo keliya, sidaas darteed halkan waxaa lagu muujiyey Ingiriisi.
- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 35.4%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 60.1%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
The past form of a verb tells you who acted by its ending. The present form tells you mostly by its beginning: a letter in front of the root. This lesson teaches that, four more common verbs, and the letter sa-, which turns the present into the future.
The new words
- عَمِلَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: تَعْمَلُ · عَمِلُ · يَعْمَلُ
do, work (ʿamila: he did)
Xididka: ع م لInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 276
- رَءَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يَرَ · تَرَ · رَءَيْ
see (raʾā: he saw)
Xididka: ر ا يInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 271
- أَتَىSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يَأْتِي · يَأْتِ · أَتَىٰ
come, come to, bring (atā: he came)
Xididka: ا ت يInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 264
- آتَىSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ءَاتَيْ · أُوتُ · ءَاتَىٰ
give (ātā: he gave)
Xididka: ا ت يInta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 271
- سَ
will (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 119
The letter in front
In the present form, the first letter says who does the action:
- ya- is "he", and with -ūna at the end, "they";
- ta- is "you", and also "she";
- a- is "I";
- na- is "we".
- يَرَىٰsee (raʾā: he saw)
Yarā is "he sees": ya- in front of the verb raʾā, "saw", whose hamzah (the middle letter of the root r-ʾ-y) drops out in this form. The corpus marks the verb as imperfect, its name for the present form, and third person, masculine, singular.
- فَso, then, and so
- تَأْتُcome, come to, bring (atā: he came)
- ونَyou, your (more than two)
Fa-taʾtūna is fa, "so", then taʾtu, "come", with ta- in front for "you", then ūna, the plural "you" of the second lesson. The corpus marks the verb second person, masculine, plural, and divides ūna off as the doer.
The future
Sa-, joined to the front of a present verb, says the action is still to come.
- سَwill (before a present verb, it speaks of what is to come)
- يَعْلَمُknow (ʿalima: he knew)
- ونَthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Sa-yaʿlamūna is sa, "will", then yaʿlamu, "know", the present of ʿalima from the last lesson, then ūna, "they": "they will know". You know every part of this word.
Giving
- يُؤْتِىgive (ātā: he gave)
Yuʾtī is the present of ātā, "gave". Its first vowel is u, not a: the corpus marks ātā as form IV, a pattern of the verb that the next stage of the course teaches.
In a sentence
I see the sky.
This sentence was written for practice. Arā, "I see": a-, "I", in front of the verb.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
93. Waxay falayeen.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26112. Wuxuu yidhi: Maxaan ka ogahay waxay fali jireen?
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2628. Waxay (raciyadii ku) odhan (madaxdoodii): Waxaad nooga iman jirteen dhanka midig [5].
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- Which letter in front of a present verb means "we"?
- What does sa- do?
- In yarā, who sees?
Answers: na-; it makes the verb future; "he".
Next
The next lesson teaches "every", "thing", "between", "before", "then", "or", "when" and "that", and how two nouns are joined so that one belongs to the other.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)