Who, which, this, that, he and they
The words that point to a person or a thing, the pronouns that stand on their own, and the letter that asks a question.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 29.1%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 56%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
The second lesson's pronouns are joined to a word. Arabic also has pronouns that stand on their own, words that point ("this", "that"), and words that stand for a person or a thing ("who", "the one who"). This lesson teaches the commonest of them, and the one-letter word that turns a sentence into a question.
The new words
- ٱلَّذِىSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ٱلَّذِينَ · ٱلَّذِى · لَّذِينَ
who, which, that: the one who
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1464
- مَنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: مَن · مَنْ · مَّن
who; the one who, whoever
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 871
- ذَٰلِكSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ذَٰلِكَ · تِلْكَ · ذَٰلِكُمْ
that
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 520
- هَٰذَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هَٰذَا · هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ · هَٰذَآ
this; these
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 318
- هُوَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُوَ
he, it
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 481
- هُمْSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُمْ
they
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 585
- أَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَ · ءَ
a question: it asks about what follows
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 513
The one who
Alladhī is "the one who" or "which", and it begins a description of someone or something. It changes its shape for the number and gender of who it describes: alladhīna is "those who".
- ٱلَّذِينَwho, which, that: the one who
The corpus gives alladhīna the lemma alladhī, and marks it as masculine and plural.
Man is "who". Most often in the Qur’ān it means "the one who" or "whoever"; less often it asks "who?".
This and that
Hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika is "that", for what is further off.
- ذَٰلِكَthat
This is my pen.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā qalamī: "this", then qalam, "pen", with ī, "my", from the second lesson. Arabic needs no word for "is" in a sentence like this one.
He and they
Huwa is "he" or "it", standing on its own, and hum is "they".
1. Dheh: Allaah waa Mid Keliya [1].
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26The second word of this verse is huwa. The corpus gives huwa no lemma; it names it by its person, gender and number, as it names the joined pronouns.
Asking
A-, the letter hamzah written on an alif and joined to the front of a word, makes a sentence a question.
- أَa question: it asks about what follows
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
A-lam is a-, the question, and lam, "did not", from the last lesson: "did … not?".
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
20. Waxnana kuma adka Alle.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.263. Ay isku khilaafsan yihiin (mid rumeysan iyo mid beeninaya)?
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2616. Kamana maqnaadaan marnaba xaggeeda (Naarta).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- What is the difference between hādhā and dhālika?
- What lemma does the corpus give alladhīna?
- What does a- do at the front of a word?
Answers: hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika "that", for what is further; alladhī; it makes the sentence a question.
Next
The next lesson teaches the first verbs: "said", "was", "made", "came" and "knew".
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)