No, not, indeed, except and that
The small words that deny, that give a sentence weight, and that join one sentence to another: eight of the commonest words of the Qur’ān.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 23.5%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 52.3%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
This lesson teaches eight short words that change what a sentence says. Some deny it ("no", "not", "did not"), two give it weight ("indeed", "surely"), one leaves something out ("except"), and some join one sentence to another ("if", "that").
The new words
- لَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَا · لَّا · لَآ
no, not; do not
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1738
- مَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: مَا · مَآ · مَّا
what, that which; not
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 2565
- إِنّSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِنَّ · إِنِّ · ءِنَّ
indeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1682
- إِنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِن · إِنْ · ئِن
if; not (in some sentences)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 697
- إِلَّاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِلَّا · إِلَّآ
except, but, only
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 663
- أَنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَن · أَنْ · أَ
that; to (before a verb)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 625
- قَدSida Qur’aanku u qoro: قَدْ · قَدِ · قَد
surely, already (before a verb)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 406
- لَمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَمْ · لَّمْ · لَمَّا
did not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 353
Saying no
Lā is "no" and "not". Before a noun it can deny that there is any of a thing at all.
2. Kitaabkaa (Qur’aanka), shaki kuma jiro, waa u hanuun dhowrsanayaasha [2].
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26In this verse lā stands before a noun with no article, and the noun ends in a: that is how Arabic says that there is none of something.
Mā is more than one word in one spelling. Most often it means "that which" or "what", and often it means "not". The corpus gives them all the same lemma, and marks which it is in each verse.
Did not
Lam stands before a verb in its present form, and the sentence then denies the past: not "does not", but "did not".
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
3. Ma dhalin [3], lamana dhalin [4].
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26This verse has lam twice, the second time joined to wa, "and", from the first lesson.
Indeed
Inna opens a sentence and gives it weight. The noun or pronoun after it takes the ending of the accusative case, and a pronoun is written as one word with it.
- إِنَّindeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
- آwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Innā is inna and nā, "we", from the second lesson. The corpus writes the pronoun's part as a long ā alone: the word has only the doubled n of inna.
In, with no doubled n, is another word: "if", and in some sentences "not". Illā is "except" or "only", and an is "that", or "to" before a verb. Qad stands before a verb and makes it certain: the corpus calls it a particle of certainty. In the Qur’ān it stands almost always before a verb in its past form, where it says the thing has surely happened: "has surely", "has already".
In a sentence
I do not know.
This sentence was written for practice. Lā stands before a verb in its present form and denies it: "I do not know".
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
7. Eedna kaama saarna hadduusan hanuunin oo daahirin naftiisa,
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.263. Hubaal adigu (Muxammadow) waxaad ka mid tahay (Rususha Alle) soo diray.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26161. Xaqiiq, idinka iyo waxaad caabudaysaanba (gaaloy).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- How does lam change the sense of a present verb?
- What ending does the noun after inna take?
- What are the two senses of mā this lesson names?
Answers: it denies the past, "did not"; the accusative; "what, that which" and "not".
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "who", "which", "this", "that", "he" and "they", and how a question is asked.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)