From, in, on, to and about
The five commonest prepositions that the Qur’ān writes as words of their own, what happens to the word after them, and how they take a pronoun.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 12.9%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 45.5%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
A preposition (ḥarf al-jarr) says where something is, where it goes, or what it is about. Two of the first lesson's words, bi and li, can be prepositions written as part of the next word. Arabic also has a few that stand on their own as words, and this lesson teaches the five of those the Qur’ān uses most: min, fī, ʿalā, ilā and ʿan.
The new words
- مِنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: مِن · مِنْ · مِنَ
from, of, some of
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 3226
- فِىSida Qur’aanku u qoro: فِى · فِي · فِىٓ
in, about
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1701
- عَلَىٰSida Qur’aanku u qoro: عَلَيْ · عَلَىٰ · عَلَى
on, upon, over, against
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1445
- إِلَىٰSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِلَيْ · إِلَىٰ · إِلَى
to, towards, until
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 742
- عَنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: عَنْ · عَن · عَنِ
from, away from, about
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 465
The word after a preposition
A preposition is followed by a noun, and that noun takes the ending of the genitive case. In the Qur’ān's spelling this is most often a short i at the end of the word: after min, al-baytu, "the house", becomes al-bayti.
The boy went out of the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Before al-, min takes a short vowel to join it, and is said mina: mina l-bayti, "from the house".
The book is on the desk.
ʿAlā l-maktabi, "on the desk": al-maktabu ends in i after ʿalā.
With a pronoun
A preposition can take one of the last lesson's pronouns, written as one word with it.
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlā and ilā change their last sound before a pronoun: ʿalā with hum, "them", is ʿalayhim, and ilā with ka, "you", is ilayka. The table shows both ways the Qur’ān writes them.
In a verse
2. Kitaabkaa (Qur’aanka), shaki kuma jiro, waa u hanuun dhowrsanayaasha [2].
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26You know one word of this verse whole: fīhi, "in it". In its last word you know the first two parts, li and al-, written lil-; the word they join comes later in the course.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
22. Korkeeda iyo doonyaha korkooda baana la idinku rar qaadaa.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2678. Waxaana u reebnay (ammaan wanaagsan) facyada dambe dhexdood.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2654. Waxaad ku dul cabbeyssan biyo kulul oo karkaraya.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- What ending does a noun take after a preposition?
- How is min said before al-?
- What is ʿalā with the pronoun "them"?
Answers: the genitive, most often a short i; mina; ʿalayhim.
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "no" and "not", "indeed", "except" and "that".
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)