The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
Waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI
Casharradan waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI, weli macallin Carabi ahina ma akhrin. Aayadaha, macnayaashooda iyo falanqaynta eray kasta waxaa laga soo qaatay ilahooda, kuwaas oo lagu magacaabay meesha lagu muujiyo.
Casharkan waxaa lagu qoray Ingiriisi iyo Bengaali oo keliya, sidaas darteed halkan waxaa lagu muujiyey Ingiriisi.
- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 3.5%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 39.6%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
The last lesson's words join the front of a word. This lesson's join its end. They are pronouns, the words for "they", "you", "he", "we", "I" and "she", and the Qur’ān writes them as part of the word before them.
Two of them, "they" and "you" for more than one, are among the five commonest parts of the Qur’ān's words, and "he" is among the ten commonest. With the last lesson's words, they are much of what holds a sentence together.
The new words
- وا۟Sida Qur’aanku u qoro: وا۟ · ونَ · هُمْ
they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 7366
- كُمْSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كُمْ · وا۟ · ونَ
you, your (more than two)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 4645
- هُۥSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُۥ · هُ · هِ
him, his; it, its
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 2727
- نَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: نَا · نَٰ · نَآ
we (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 2347
- كَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كَ · تَ · تَّ
you, your (one man)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1300
- ىSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ى · تُ · نِى
me, my; I (as the doer of a verb)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1239
- هَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هَا · هَآ
her; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 1062
The corpus names each pronoun by three things: its person (the speaker, the one spoken to, or someone else), its gender and its number, in that order. "3MP" is third person, masculine, plural: "they", "them", "their". The table shows the ways the Qur’ān writes each one: a pronoun can take one shape when it is the one who does a verb's action, and another when the action is done to it or when it follows a noun.
Joined to a verb
A pronoun joined to a verb can be the one who does the action, or the one it is done to.
- أَعْطَيْ
- نَٰwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
- كَyou, your (one man)
This one word has three parts: a verb, aʿṭā, then nā, "we", the ones who give, and then ka, "you", the one given to. In Arabic a whole sentence can be one written word.
- ٱهْدِ
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Here nā is joined to a verb in the imperative, the form that tells or asks someone to do something, and it is the one the action is done to: "us".
Joined to a small word
A pronoun can also join the small words of the next lesson, the words for "in", "on" and "to".
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
Fīhi is fī, "in", and hi, "it": "in it". The corpus calls this pronoun third person, masculine, singular, the same pronoun as "his" and "him".
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlayhim is ʿalā, "on", and him, "them". This pronoun is written hum or him by the sound before it; both are the same pronoun.
Joined to a noun
Joined to a noun, a pronoun says whose it is: "his", "our", "my".
Our house is near.
This sentence was written for practice. Baytunā is bayt, "house", and nā, "our".
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
25. Mayee, Alle baa iska leh tan dambe 'Aakhirada' iyo 'nolosha' horeba 'Adduunka'.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2662. Ee u sujuuda Alle oo caabuda (Isagoo Keliya idinkoon waxba u shariik yeelin).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- In the word aʿṭaynāka, which part is "we" and which is "you"?
- What does "3MP" stand for?
- In fīhi, what is hi?
Answers: nā is "we" and ka is "you"; third person, masculine, plural; the pronoun "it" (third person, masculine, singular), joined to fī.
Next
The next lesson teaches the small words of place and direction: "from", "in", "on", "to" and "about".
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)