Ramadan · 01 cikin 08
Katunan aljihu
Ramadan
رمضانRamaḍān
Bitar malamai: ana jira
Wannan rubutu ya fito ne daga laburaren bugu na Sabīl. Bitar malamai a kansa tana ci gaba har yanzu; kowane abu zai ɗauki sunayen masu bitarsa da kwanan wata da zarar malamai biyu sun sa hannu a kansa.
Daftarin fassara: na’ura ce ta yi shi daga Larabci da Turanci, kuma malami ko edita ɗan harshen bai karanta shi ba tukuna. Inda wani layi bai fito fili ba, ku nuna Turancin, ku kuma dogara da Larabcin.
Layukan da suka shafi hukunci ana nuna su koyaushe tare da Turancin bugu a ƙasansu. Layin da daftarinsa bai wuce bincike ba ana nuna shi da Turanci kaɗai.
Watan Azumi
رَمَضَانُ
Ramaḍān
Abin da ke karya azumi, abin da ake bi daga baya, da yadda ake raya darare goma na ƙarshe.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
What breaks the fast, what is owed afterwards, and how the last ten nights are kept.
2 · Abin da ke karya azumi
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
2 · What breaks the fast
3 · Ramuwa, fidiya & kaffara
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
3 · Qaḍā’, fidyah & kaffārah
4 · Sahur, buɗe-baki & addu’o’insu
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
4 · Suḥūr, ifṭār & their du‘ās
5 · Tarawihi & sallar dare
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
5 · Tarāwīḥ & the night prayer
6 · I’tikafi & Lailatul Ƙadari
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
6 · I‘tikāf & Laylat al-Qadr
7 · Zakkar fidda kai
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
7 · Zakāt al-Fiṭr
8 · Kwanaki talatin
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
8 · The thirty days
Ḥ = Hanafi · M = Maliki · S = Shafi’i · Ḥb = Hanbali.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ḥ = Ḥanafī · M = Mālikī · S = Shāfi‘ī · Ḥb = Ḥanbalī.
02Abin da ke karya azumiWhat breaks the fast
Ci ko sha da gangan.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Eating or drinking deliberately.
Jima’i — shi ne mafi girma, kuma shi kaɗai ne yake ɗauke da kaffara da ittifaƙi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Intercourse — the gravest, and the only one carrying expiation by agreement.
Jawo amai da gangan.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Deliberately inducing vomiting.
Fitar da maniyyi da gangan.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ejaculation brought about deliberately.
Zuwan haila ko nifasi, a kowace sa’a ta yini.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The onset of ḥayḍ or nifās, at any hour of the day.
Duk wani abu mai gina jiki da aka shigar a jiki, har da ciyarwa ta ƙarin ruwa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Anything nutritive taken into the body, including feeding by drip.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi. Amai: Abu Dawud, Tirmizi · sahihi.
Abin da ba ya karya shi
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
What does not break it
Ci ko sha da mantuwa — ku ci gaba, arziki ne daga Allah.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Eating or drinking in forgetfulness — continue, and it is a provision from Allah.
Amai ba da gangan ba; habo; jinin da aka ɗauka don gwaji.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Involuntary vomiting; a nosebleed; blood taken for testing.
Kurkure baki da shaƙa ruwa a hanci, ba tare da zurfafawa ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Rinsing the mouth and nose, without exaggeration.
Wanka, iyo, sa tozali ko turare.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Bathing, swimming, applying kohl or perfume.
Allurar da ba ta ɗauke da abinci; na’urar shaƙar magani, bisa ga mafi yawan fatawoyin zamani.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Injections that carry no nourishment; inhalers, per the majority of contemporary rulings.
Wayewar gari cikin janaba da yin wanka bayan Asuba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Waking in a state of janābah and bathing after Fajr.
Ɗanɗana abinci a harshe ba tare da haɗiyewa ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Tasting food on the tongue without swallowing.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — “Wanda ya manta ya ci, to ya cika azuminsa.”
03Abin da ake biWhat is owed
Ramuwa — rama ranar
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Qaḍā’ — making up the day
Tana kan matafiyi, mara lafiya na ɗan lokaci, mai haila, da wanda ya karya azumi da gangan. Ana rama ta a kowane lokaci kafin Ramadan mai zuwa; ba a sharɗanta kwanaki a jere ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Owed by the traveller, the temporarily ill, the menstruating woman, and one who broke the fast deliberately. Made up any time before the next Ramaḍān; consecutive days are not required.
Fidiya — ciyarwa a madadin azumi
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Fidyah — feeding instead
Ga wanda ba zai iya azumi ba kuma ba zai taɓa iyawa ba: tsoho tukuf, da mai cuta ta dindindin. A ciyar da miskini ɗaya ga kowace rana da aka sha. Babu ramuwa a kansa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
For one who cannot fast and never will: the very old, and the chronically ill. Feed one poor person for each day missed. No qaḍā’ is owed.
Q 2:184; Bukhari · hukuncin Ibn Abbasـؓ
Kaffara — abin kankarewa
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Kaffārah — the expiation
Tana wajaba saboda jima’i a yinin Ramadan. Ḥ, S da Ḥb: bisa tsari mai tsauri, kowanne sai idan wanda ya gabace shi ya gagara; M: zaɓi tsakanin ukun, ciyarwa ta fi:
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Owed for intercourse during a day of Ramaḍān. Ḥ, S and Ḥb: in strict order, each only if the one before is beyond reach; M: a choice among the three, feeding preferred:
1 ’Yanta bawa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
1 Free a slave.
2 Azumin kwana sittin a jere.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
2 Fast sixty consecutive days.
3 Ciyar da miskinai sittin.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
3 Feed sixty poor people.
Ranar kanta ma ana rama ta. Ḥ da M sun faɗaɗa kaffara zuwa ci da sha da gangan; S da Ḥb sun taƙaita ta ga jima’i.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The day itself is also made up. Ḥ and M extend kaffārah to deliberate eating and drinking; S and Ḥb confine it to intercourse.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — hadisin mutumin da ya zo yana cewa “Na halaka.”
04Sahur & buɗe-baki
Niyya
Ana ƙulla ta a zuciya kafin Asuba, sau ɗaya ga dukan watan bisa ga M; kowane dare bisa ga Ḥ, S da Ḥb. Ba a faɗar komai a fili.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Formed in the heart before Fajr, once for the whole month per M; nightly per Ḥ, S and Ḥb. Nothing is said aloud.
Sahur
Ku jinkirta shi har kusa da Asuba. Ko kurɓar ruwa ɗaya tana cika shi — “a cikin sahur akwai albarka.”
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Delay it until close to Fajr. Even a sip of water fulfils it — “in suḥūr there is blessing.”
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Buɗe-baki
Ku gaggauta shi a faɗuwar rana da ɗanyen dabino, ko busasshe, ko ruwa. Ana faɗa bayan buɗe-baki:
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Hasten it at sunset with fresh dates, or dried, or water. Said after breaking:
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ
Dhahaba-ẓ-ẓama’u wabtallatil-‘urūqu wa thabatal-ajru in shā’Allāh
Ƙishirwa ta tafi, jijiyoyi sun jiƙa, kuma lada ta tabbata, in Allah Ya so.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The thirst has gone, the veins are moistened, and the reward is assured, if Allah wills.
Abu Dawud · hasan. Allāhumma laka ṣumtu da ake yawan ambata mai rauni ne — wannan shi ne lafazin da ya tabbata.
Idan aka tsokane ku, ku ce: innī ṣā’im — ina azumi. Wanda bai bar faɗar ƙarya ba, to Allah ba Shi da wata buƙata ga yunwarsa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
If provoked, say: innī ṣā’im — I am fasting. One who does not abandon false speech has given Allah no need of his hunger.
Bukhari · sahihi
05Tarawihi
Ana yin ta bayan Isha raka’a biyu-biyu, ana rufewa da wutiri. Sunna ce mai ƙarfi, ba wajibi ba — kuma yin ta a bayan liman har ya gama ana rubuta ta a matsayin tsayuwar dare gaba ɗaya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Prayed after ‘Ishā’ in pairs of two, ending with witr. A confirmed sunnah, not an obligation — and praying it behind an imam until he finishes is written as a whole night in prayer.
Tirmizi, Abu Dawud · sahihi
Adadin
Raka’a ashirin — matsayin mazhabobi huɗu duka, bisa ga aikin da ya tabbata a zamanin Umarـؓ kuma bai yanke ba a Haramai biyu.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Twenty rak‘ahs — the position of all four madhāhib, on the practice settled under ‘Umarـؓ and unbroken in both Ḥaramayn.
Raka’a goma sha ɗaya — takwas da uku na wutiri, bisa ga ruwayar A’ishaـؓ cewa bai taɓa wuce haka ba a cikin Ramadan ko a wajensa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Eleven rak‘ahs — eight and three of witr, on the report of ‘Ā’ishahـؓ that he never exceeded it in or out of Ramaḍān.
M ya ruwaito talatin da shida, aikin Madina.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
M records thirty-six, the practice of Madīnah.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Muwatta · ruwayar Yazid ibn Ruman.
Duka biyun aiki ne tabbatacce, kuma babu wanda ake zargi a cikinsu. Tsawon tsayuwa ya fi yawan raka’o’i nauyi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Both are established practice and neither is censured. Length of standing outweighs count of rak‘ahs.
Wutiri
Wajibi ne bisa ga Ḥ, raka’a uku a haɗe ba tare da sallama a tsakaninsu ba; sunna mu’akkada ne bisa ga sauran ukun, ana yin sa raka’a ɗaya, uku, biyar ko fiye. Kada ku maimaita shi idan kuka sake tashi don sallah.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Wājib per Ḥ, three joined without a salām between; a sunnah mu’akkadah per the other three, prayed one, three, five or more. Do not repeat it if you rise again to pray.
Muslim · sahihi — “Ku sanya ƙarshen sallarku ta dare ta zama wutiri.”
06Goma na ƙarshe
I’tikafi
Keɓewa a masallaci don ibada. Annabi ﷺ ya kasance yana yin sa kowane Ramadan, kuma kwana ashirin a shekarar da ya rasu. Ana shiga kafin faɗuwar rana a ranar 20, ana fita a ranar Idi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Seclusion in the masjid for worship. The Prophet ﷺ kept it every Ramaḍān, and twenty days in the year he died. Entered before sunset on the 20th, left at the ‘Īd.
Ku fita don larura kawai — banɗaki, ko abinci idan ba a kawo ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Leave only for necessity — the washroom, or food if none is brought.
Ḥ da M suna sharɗanta azumi tare da shi; S da Ḥb ba sa sharɗantawa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ḥ and M require fasting alongside it; S and Ḥb do not.
Mace na iya yin sa da izinin mijinta, a wurin da aka killace.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A woman may observe it with her husband’s consent, in a partitioned space.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Lailatul Ƙadari
Ya fi watanni dubu alheri. Ana neman sa a dararen mara na goman ƙarshe — na 21, 23, 25, 27 da 29 — kuma an fi samun sa a daren 27.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Better than a thousand months. Sought in the odd nights of the last ten — the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th — and most often found on the 27th.
Q 97:3; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَفُوٌّ تُحِبُّ الْعَفْوَ فَاعْفُ عَنِّي
Allāhumma innaka ‘afuwwun tuḥibbul-‘afwa fa‘fu ‘annī
Ya Allah, lallai Kai Mai afuwa ne, Kana son afuwa, Ka yi mini afuwa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
O Allah, You are Pardoning and love to pardon, so pardon me.
Tirmizi, Ibn Majah · sahihi — an koya wa A’ishaـؓ lokacin da ta tambayi abin da za ta faɗa idan ta dace da shi.
07Zakkar fidda kai
Wajibi ce a kan kowane Musulmi da yake da abinci fiye da buƙatarsa ta ranar — a kan kansa da duk waɗanda yake ciyarwa, har da jaririn da aka haifa kafin alfijir na ranar Idi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Obligatory on every Muslim who has food beyond his need for the day — for himself and all he supports, including a child born before the ‘Īd dawn.
Gwargwadonta
Sa’i ɗaya na abincin da aka fi ci a ƙasar — dabino, sha’ir, zabibi, shinkafa ko alkama.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
One ṣā‘ of the staple food of the land — dates, barley, raisins, rice or wheat.
Sa’i 1 = muddi 4 ≈ lita 3.0
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
1 ṣā‘ = 4 mudd ≈ 3.0 litres
≈ kg 2.04 na alkama · ≈ kg 2.4 na shinkafa
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
≈ 2.04 kg wheat · ≈ 2.4 kg rice
Ku bayar da ma’aunin cika, ba na nauyi ba, inda kuka iya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Give by volume, not weight, where you can.
Da kuɗi?
Ḥ ya halatta bayar da ƙimarta da kuɗi, kuma wannan shi ne aikin yawancin cibiyoyi a yau. M, S da Ḥb suna sharɗanta abinci, kamar yadda nassi ya ayyana shi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ḥ permits its value in money, and this is the practice of most institutions today. M, S and Ḥb require food, as the text specifies it.
Lokaci
Mafi alheri a safiyar Idi kafin sallah; an halatta kwana ɗaya ko biyu kafin haka. Idan aka bayar bayan sallah, sadaka ce ta yau da kullum, kuma wajibin yana nan a wuya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Best on the morning of ‘Īd before the prayer; permitted a day or two earlier. Given after the prayer it is ordinary charity, and the obligation remains.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi — hadisin Ibn Umarـؓ; Abu Dawud · hasan
Manufarta: tsarkake azumi daga zancen banza da na batsa, da ciyar da miskinai domin kada su yi roƙo a ranar Idi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Its purpose: to purify the fast of idle and indecent speech, and to feed the poor so that they need not ask on the day of ‘Īd.
08Kwanaki talatin
Ku yi alamar azumin da aka yi, sallar dare da aka tsaya, da kason da aka karanta.
Ṣ
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ṣ
Q
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Q
J
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
J
Ṣ
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ṣ
Q
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Q
J
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
J
Ṣ azumi · Q sallar dare · J kason yini. Layuka masu kauri suna nuna dararen mara na goman ƙarshe.
Layukan da ke da gefe mai ɗigo-ɗigo su ne yadda ake karanta Larabcin, an fitar da su bisa ƙa’ida daga wasulansa. Ba daga littattafan da aka buga suke ba, kuma ba a duba su ba: inda suka bambanta da Larabcin, Larabcin ne daidai.
A wannan harshe ana karanta laburaren ne a daftarin fassarar sigar Ƙasa da ƙasa. Na’ura ce ta yi shi daga Larabci da Turanci, kuma babu malami ko edita ɗan harshen da ya yi masa bita tukuna. Larabcin shi ne tushe; ana iya nuna Turancin a gefensa. Inda wallafa ta ambato Alƙur’ani, ma’anar da ake nunawa lafazin wani bugu ne da aka wallafa, Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi (QuranEnc.com), ba daftari ba.
Buga wannan wallafa
Ƙasa da ƙasa · Larabci · Turanci
Na gida · Larabci · বাংলা · Turanci
Ku buga a 100%, kada ku taɓa zaɓar “fit to page”, in ba haka ba katunan ba za su naɗu daidai girmansu ba.
Kyauta ne a buga a raba. Ba na sayarwa ba ne.
Na waɗannan lokutan ma