Those, after, at, with, some, other than, until and below
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, most of them nouns that take the noun after them in the genitive.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 47.2%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 68%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
Many of the words Arabic uses for "after", "at" and "with" are not prepositions but nouns, joined to the noun after them as the first noun of an iḍāfah, which lesson 8 taught. The second noun is then in the genitive.
The new words
- أُولَٰٓئِكYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
those
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 204
- بَعْدYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: بَعْدِ · بَعْدَ · بَعْدُ
after
Tushe: ب ع دAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 199
- عِندYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: عِندَ · عِندِ
at, with, in the presence of
Tushe: ع ن دAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 197
- مَعYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: مَعَ · مَّعَ · مَعِ
with, together with
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 159
- بَعْضYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: بَعْضٍ · بَعْضُ · بَعْضَ
some, part of
Tushe: ب ع ضAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 157
- غَيْرYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: غَيْرِ · غَيْرَ · غَيْرُ
other than; not
Tushe: غ ي رAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 147
- حَتَّىٰYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: حَتَّىٰ · حَتَّىٰٓ
until; even
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 142
- دُونYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: دُونِ · دُونَ
below, other than, besides
Tushe: د و نAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 144
Nouns of place and time
- عِندَat, with, in the presence of
- هُۥhim, his; it, its
ʿIndahu is ʿinda, "at" or "with", and hu, "him". The corpus marks ʿinda as an adverb of place, in the accusative.
- بَعْدَafter
Baʿda is "after". The corpus marks it as an adverb of time. The word after it is in the genitive; here that word is dhālika, which keeps the same ending in every case.
- غَيْرِother than; not
Ghayri is "other than": here in the genitive, in al-Fātiḥah, and joined to the noun after it.
Those
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَthose
Ulāʾika is "those": the plural of dhālika, "that", from lesson 5. The corpus marks it as a word that points, plural.
Until
- حَتَّىٰuntil; even
Ḥattā is "until". The corpus marks it here as a preposition, and the noun after it is in the genitive.
In a sentence
I sat with my father after the lesson.
This sentence was written for practice. Maʿa abī, "with my father", and baʿda d-darsi, "after the lesson": each noun after maʿa and baʿda is in the genitive. In abī the ending does not show: -ī, "my", takes its place.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Ya ce: "Kada ku ji tsõro. Lalle Nĩ, Inã tãre da ku, Inaji, kuma Inã gani."
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2"Lalle kada wani miskĩni ya shigar muku ita a yau!"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Abin da yake a cikin sammai nãsa ne, da abin da yake a cikin ƙasa da abin da yake a tsakãninsu da abin da ke ƙarƙashin turɓãya.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- What case is the noun after baʿda in?
- What is ulāʾika?
- What does the corpus call ʿinda?
Answers: the genitive; "those", the plural of dhālika; an adverb of place.
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "if" and "when": law, lawlā, idh, lammā and yawmaʾidhin, and lan, "will not".
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)