No, not, indeed, except and that
The small words that deny, that give a sentence weight, and that join one sentence to another: eight of the commonest words of the Qur’ān.
Écrit et vérifié par l’IA
Ces leçons ont été écrites et vérifiées par l’IA, et aucun professeur d’arabe ne les a encore lues. Les versets, leurs sens et l’analyse de chaque mot sont tirés de leurs sources, nommées là où ils sont montrés.
Cette leçon n’est écrite qu’en anglais et en bengali ; elle est donc montrée ici en anglais.
- Mots du Coran connus en entier
- 23,5 %
- Parties des mots du Coran enseignées jusqu’ici
- 52,3 %
Compté d’après le Quranic Arabic Corpus : un mot est connu en entier quand chacune de ses parties a été enseignée. Les chiffres disent quels mots vous avez rencontrés, non ce que vous comprenez.
This lesson teaches eight short words that change what a sentence says. Some deny it ("no", "not", "did not"), two give it weight ("indeed", "surely"), one leaves something out ("except"), and some join one sentence to another ("if", "that").
The new words
- لَاTel que le Coran l’écrit: لَا · لَّا · لَآ
no, not; do not
Occurrences dans le Coran: 1738
- مَاTel que le Coran l’écrit: مَا · مَآ · مَّا
what, that which; not
Occurrences dans le Coran: 2565
- إِنّTel que le Coran l’écrit: إِنَّ · إِنِّ · ءِنَّ
indeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 1682
- إِنTel que le Coran l’écrit: إِن · إِنْ · ئِن
if; not (in some sentences)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 697
- إِلَّاTel que le Coran l’écrit: إِلَّا · إِلَّآ
except, but, only
Occurrences dans le Coran: 663
- أَنTel que le Coran l’écrit: أَن · أَنْ · أَ
that; to (before a verb)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 625
- قَدTel que le Coran l’écrit: قَدْ · قَدِ · قَد
surely, already (before a verb)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 406
- لَمTel que le Coran l’écrit: لَمْ · لَّمْ · لَمَّا
did not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
Occurrences dans le Coran: 353
Saying no
Lā is "no" and "not". Before a noun it can deny that there is any of a thing at all.
Voici le Livre qui n’admet aucun doute[2] et qui est un guide pour ceux qui craignent le Seigneur[3],
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3In this verse lā stands before a noun with no article, and the noun ends in a: that is how Arabic says that there is none of something.
Mā is more than one word in one spelling. Most often it means "that which" or "what", and often it means "not". The corpus gives them all the same lemma, and marks which it is in each verse.
Did not
Lam stands before a verb in its present form, and the sentence then denies the past: not "does not", but "did not".
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
Il n’a pas engendré, ni été Lui-même engendré.
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3This verse has lam twice, the second time joined to wa, "and", from the first lesson.
Indeed
Inna opens a sentence and gives it weight. The noun or pronoun after it takes the ending of the accusative case, and a pronoun is written as one word with it.
- إِنَّindeed, truly (it opens a sentence and gives it weight)
- آwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Innā is inna and nā, "we", from the second lesson. The corpus writes the pronoun's part as a long ā alone: the word has only the doubled n of inna.
In, with no doubled n, is another word: "if", and in some sentences "not". Illā is "except" or "only", and an is "that", or "to" before a verb. Qad stands before a verb and makes it certain: the corpus calls it a particle of certainty. In the Qur’ān it stands almost always before a verb in its past form, where it says the thing has surely happened: "has surely", "has already".
In a sentence
I do not know.
This sentence was written for practice. Lā stands before a verb in its present form and denies it: "I do not know".
Reading
Les mots que vous connaissez en entier après cette leçon sont signalés.
Or, tu n’auras pas à répondre de son refus de se purifier[3].
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Tu es assurément du nombre des Messagers,
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Car vous et ce que vous adorez
French Translation - Rachid Maach · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.3Recall
- How does lam change the sense of a present verb?
- What ending does the noun after inna take?
- What are the two senses of mā this lesson names?
Answers: it denies the past, "did not"; the accusative; "what, that which" and "not".
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "who", "which", "this", "that", "he" and "they", and how a question is asked.
Analyse des mots: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)