Words read in the verses: how they are built

Some of the commonest words of the Qur’ān carry the religion, and the course gives no meaning of its own for them: you read their meaning in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them. This lesson teaches nine of them all the same, for what can be taught without a meaning: their letters, their roots, and the patterns they are built on. Knowing them, you will recognise many more words of the Qur’ān whole.

The new words

None of these words has a meaning in the table. That is not a gap in the lesson: it is the rule the course keeps.

A verb and its doer

A verb has a noun for the one who does it. Grammar calls it the active participle. For a verb of form IV, as of every form after the first, it begins with mu-.

Āmanū is the past of āmana with ū, "they", from lesson 2. The corpus marks āmana as form IV, from the root ʾ-m-n: form IV puts a- in front of the root, as in akhraja from lesson 18, and here the root's first letter is a hamzah, so aʾ- is said ā-.

Bi-l-muʾminīna is bi, then al-, then muʾminīna. The corpus marks muʾmin as the active participle of form IV, from the same root as āmana, and muʾminīna masculine plural, in the genitive.

The masculine plural

A masculine plural that adds an ending adds -ūna in the nominative and -īna in the genitive and accusative: muʾminūna, muʾminīna.

Kafarū is kafara with ū, "they": a verb of the first form, with the doer joined at its end as in lesson 6.

Words with a pronoun

Rabbika is rabb, in the genitive, and ka, "your". The corpus marks rabb masculine.

Bi-āyātinā is bi, then āyāt, the feminine plural of āyah with -āt from lesson 9, then nā, "our".

Reading

واژه‌هایی که پس از این درس به‌طور کامل می‌شناسید نشانه‌گذاری شده‌اند.

Recall

• What does the active participle of a form IV verb begin with?
• What is the masculine plural ending in the genitive?
• What plural does āyah take?

Answers: mu-; -īna; the feminine plural, āyāt.

Next

The next lesson teaches the word that describes a noun, and how it follows the noun.