Eight common verbs, and roots with a weak letter or a hamzah
Eight common verbs of the Qur’ān, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak middle letter or a hamzah.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 50.6%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 70.1%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
This lesson teaches eight more of the commonest verbs of the Qur’ān. Several of them have a root with a weak letter or a hamzah, and those change their shape in ways the corpus lets you see.
The new words
- خَلَقَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: خَلَقَ · خَلَقْ · يَخْلُقُ
create, make (khalaqa: he created)
Mzizi: خ ل قMara katika Qur’ani: 184
- شَآءَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَشَآءُ · شَآءَ · شِئْ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ش ي اMara katika Qur’ani: 236
- أَرَادَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يُرِيدُ · أَرَادَ · تُرِيدُ
Hakuna maana inayotolewa hapa: neno hili linabeba dini, na maana yake husomwa katika aya, pamoja na maana iliyo kando yake.
Mzizi: ر و دMara katika Qur’ani: 139
- أَخَذَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَخَذْ · أَخَذَ · أَخَذَتْ
take, seize (akhadha: he took)
Mzizi: ا خ ذMara katika Qur’ani: 127
- وَجَدَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: تَجِدُ · يَجِدُ · وَجَدْ
find (wajada: he found)
Mzizi: و ج دMara katika Qur’ani: 106
- سَأَلَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: يَسْـَٔلُ · سَأَلْ · أَسْـَٔلُ
ask (saʾala: he asked)
Mzizi: س ا لMara katika Qur’ani: 106
- أَكَلَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: تَأْكُلُ · كُلُ · يَأْكُلُ
eat (akala: he ate)
Mzizi: ا ك لMara katika Qur’ani: 93
- خَافَKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَخَافُ · يَخَافُ · خِفْ
fear (khāfa: he feared)
Mzizi: خ و فMara katika Qur’ani: 83
Two of them, shāʾa and arāda, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
A weak middle letter
Some roots have w or y as their middle letter. In the past form that letter becomes a long ā: khāfa, "feared", is from the root kh-w-f.
- خَافَfear (khāfa: he feared)
- يَخَافُfear (khāfa: he feared)
In the present form there is a long vowel too: ā here, in yakhāfu, "he fears". Qāla, from lesson 6, is a verb of the same kind, with ū in its present: yaqūlu, "he says".
- يُرِيدُ
Yurīdu is the present of arāda, whose root r-w-d has a weak middle letter too, here a long ī. The corpus marks arāda as form IV, which is why its present begins with yu-.
A hamzah
Akhadha, "took", saʾala, "asked", and akala, "ate", each have a hamzah in their root. The hamzah is most often kept, as in yaʾkhudhu, "he takes". In the command of akhadha and of akala it is dropped: khudh, "take!", and kul, "eat!".
- فَso, then, and so
- أَخَذَtake, seize (akhadha: he took)
- هُhim, his; it, its
Fa-akhadhahu is fa, then akhadha, "took", then hu, "him". The corpus marks this fa as one of cause: what follows comes because of what went before.
The passive
- سُئِلَتْask (saʾala: he asked)
Suʾilat is "she was asked": the past of saʾala with u and i in place of a and a. The corpus marks it passive. The next lesson has more of the passive.
In a sentence
The boy ate.
This sentence was written for practice. Akala l-waladu: "the boy ate", verb first.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Basi anayetaka atakumbuka.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na hali Mwenyezi Mungu ndiye aliyekuumbeni nyinyi na hivyo mnavyovifanya!
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Yeye haulizwi kwa ayatendayo, na wao ndio wanaoulizwa kwa wayatendayo.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- What does a weak middle letter become in the past form?
- Why does yurīdu begin with yu-?
- How is the passive past of saʾala written?
Answers: a long ā; arāda is form IV; suʾila, "he was asked".
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more verbs, and how the corpus marks the passive and the derived forms of a verb.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)