Every thing, between, before, then, or and when
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, and the construct: two nouns joined so that the first belongs to the second.
Imeandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI
Masomo haya yameandikwa na kukaguliwa na AI, na bado hakuna mwalimu wa Kiarabu aliyeyasoma. Aya, maana zake na uchambuzi wa kila neno vimechukuliwa kutoka vyanzo vyake, ambavyo vinatajwa pale vinapoonyeshwa.
Somo hili limeandikwa kwa Kiingereza na Kibengali tu, kwa hiyo linaonyeshwa hapa kwa Kiingereza.
- Maneno ya Qur’ani yanayojulikana kikamilifu
- 38.7%
- Sehemu za maneno ya Qur’ani zilizofundishwa hadi sasa
- 62.1%
Yamehesabiwa kutoka Quranic Arabic Corpus: neno linajulikana kikamilifu kila sehemu yake ikishafundishwa. Hesabu hizi zinaonyesha maneno uliyokutana nayo, si kiasi unachoelewa.
This lesson teaches eight common words: "every" and "thing"; "before", "then" and "when", for time and order; and "between", "or" and "that", for how things stand to each other. It also teaches the way Arabic joins two nouns so that the first is "of" the second.
The new words
- كُلّKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: كُلِّ · كُلَّ · كُلُّ
every, each, all
Mzizi: ك ل لMara katika Qur’ani: 359
- شَىْءKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: شَىْءٍ · شَيْـًٔا · شَىْءٌ
thing
Mzizi: ش ي اMara katika Qur’ani: 283
- بَيْنKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: بَيْنَ · بَيْنِ · بَّيْنَ
between
Mzizi: ب ي نMara katika Qur’ani: 266
- قَبْلKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: قَبْلِ · قَبْلُ · قَبْلَ
before
Mzizi: ق ب لMara katika Qur’ani: 242
- ثُمّKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: ثُمَّ
then, after that
Mara katika Qur’ani: 338
- أَوKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَوْ · أَوِ · أَو
or
Mara katika Qur’ani: 280
- إِذَاKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: إِذَا · إِذَآ · ءِذَا
when; if (most often of what is still to come)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 409
- أَنّKama Qur’ani inavyoliandika: أَنَّ · أَنِّ · إِنَّ
that (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
Mara katika Qur’ani: 362
Two nouns joined
When two nouns stand together and the first is "of" the second, Arabic calls it iḍāfah. The first noun drops al- and the ending -n; the second takes the genitive ending, most often i. "Every thing" is kullu shayʾin: kullu, "every", then shayʾin, "thing", in the genitive.
Na kila kitu Sisi tumekidhibiti kwa kukiandika.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5This verse opens wa-kulla shayʾin: "and every thing", with kulla in the accusative, as the corpus marks it, and shayʾin in the genitive. The second noun is always in the genitive; the first takes whatever ending its place in the sentence asks for.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُلِّevery, each, all
Li-kulli is li, "for", from the first lesson, and kulli, in the genitive after it.
Then, or, when
- ثُمَّthen, after that
Thumma is "then": it joins two things and says the second comes after the first.
- أَوْor
Aw is "or".
- إِذَاwhen; if (most often of what is still to come)
Idhā is "when", most often of what is still to come. The corpus marks it as a word of time.
That
Anna is a word of its own, and works like inna from the fourth lesson: the corpus counts it among the words of inna's kind, and the word after it takes the accusative, as after inna. Where inna gives weight to a sentence, anna is "that", and makes what follows part of a longer sentence.
- أَنَّthat (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
- هُمthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Annahum is anna and hum, "they": "that they".
In a sentence
I work every day.
This sentence was written for practice. Kulla yawmin, "every day": kull, then the noun it belongs to, in the genitive.
Reading
Maneno unayoyajua kikamilifu baada ya somo hili yamewekewa alama.
Hajui ya kwamba Mwenyezi Mungu anaona?
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Wala hamlipwi isipokuwa hayo mliyokuwa mkiyafanya.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Na wanapowaona husema: Hakika hawa ndio hasa waliopotea.
Swahili Translation - Rowad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.5Recall
- What happens to the first of two nouns joined in an iḍāfah?
- What ending does the second noun take?
- How is "that they" written?
Answers: it drops al- and the ending -n; the genitive, most often i; annahum.
Next
The next lesson teaches the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs and people, and how Arabic marks a noun feminine or plural.
Uchambuzi wa maneno: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)