Brother, father, owner: a case shown with a long vowel
Family words, and three nouns that show their case with a long vowel before what follows them.
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Most nouns show their case with a short vowel at the end. A few short nouns show it with a long one when they are joined to what follows. This lesson teaches three of them, with five more words for people.
The new words
- أَخSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَخَا · أَخِي · إِخْوَٰنِ
brother
Kata akar: ا خ وKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 75
- أَبٌSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَبِي · أَبَا · أَبَتِ
father
Kata akar: ا ب وKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 46
- ذُوSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ذُو · ذِى · ذَاتِ
owner of, having
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 93
- آبَاءSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ءَابَآؤُ · ءَابَآءَ · ءَابَآئِ
fathers, forefathers
Kata akar: ا ب وKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 64
- ٱبْنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ٱبْنَ · أَبْنَآءَ · ٱبْنُ
son
Kata akar: ب ن يKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 63
- زَوْجSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَزْوَٰجِ · أَزْوَٰجًا · أَزْوَٰجَ
spouse, one of a pair
Kata akar: ز و جKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 76
- نِسَآءSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: نِّسَآءِ · نِسَآءَ · نِّسَآءَ
women
Kata akar: ن س وKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 59
- إِنسَٰنSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: إِنسَٰنُ · إِنسَٰنَ · إِنسَٰنِ
human being
Kata akar: ا ن سKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 71
u, a, i made long
Akh, "brother", and ab, "father", take a long vowel at the end when a word or a pronoun follows, and dhū, "owner of", when a word follows: ū in the nominative, ā in the accusative, ī in the genitive. With -ī, "my", there is no such ending: it takes the ending's place, as lesson 14 showed in abī, so akhī serves in every case.
- وَand
- أَخُوbrother
- هُhim, his; it, its
Wa-akhūhu is wa, then akhū, then hu, "his". The corpus marks akhū nominative.
- أَخَاbrother
Akhā, and the corpus marks it accusative. The word after it is the second noun of an iḍāfah, as lesson 8 taught.
- أَخِيbrother
- هِhim, his; it, its
Akhīhi is akhī and hi. The corpus marks akhī genitive; after ī, the pronoun hu is said hi, as lesson 12 taught.
- أَبِىfather
Abī, the same ending on ab: the corpus marks it genitive. Here ī is the ending and not "my": the corpus shows no pronoun on it. The word after it is the second noun of the iḍāfah.
Dhū
Dhū does not stand alone: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah, and says that someone or something has what follows it.
- ذُوowner of, having
Dhū, nominative.
- ذَا
Dhā, accusative. The corpus gives this form a lemma of its own, dhā, and does not count it under dhū.
- ذِىowner of, having
Dhī, genitive, and the corpus gives it the lemma dhū again. In all three the ending follows the case, as it does on akh and ab.
In a sentence
Three sentences written for practice show the same noun in three cases.
Your brother is in the house.
Akhūka: nominative, the subject of the sentence.
I saw your brother.
Akhāka: accusative, the one seen.
I went with your brother.
Akhīka: genitive, after maʿa.
More words for people
Ābāʾ, abnāʾ and azwāj are broken plurals, the kind lesson 9 explained.
- وَand
- ءَابَآؤُfathers, forefathers
- كُمyou, your (more than two)
Wa-ābāʾukum is wa, then ābāʾu, then kum, "your". Ābāʾ is taught as a word of its own, because the corpus gives it a lemma of its own beside ab, and marks it masculine plural.
- أَبْنَآءَson
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Abnāʾahum is abnāʾa and hum, "their". The corpus gives it the lemma ibn, "son", and marks it masculine plural.
- أَزْوَٰجًاspouse, one of a pair
Azwājan: the corpus gives it the lemma zawj, and marks it masculine plural.
- ٱلthe
- نِّسَآءَwomen
An-nisāʾa is al- and nisāʾ. The corpus marks it feminine plural. It has no singular from the same root.
- ٱلْthe
- إِنسَٰنُhuman being
Al-insānu is al- and insān, and the corpus marks it masculine, nominative.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Sesungguhnya demikianlah Kami melakukan kepada orang-orang yang berdosa.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Kamu kembalikan roh itu (kepada keadaan sebelumnya) jika betul kamu orang-orang yang benar?
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0(Setelah mengetahui yang demikian), maka hendaklah manusia memikirkan: dari apa ia diciptakan.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- Which long vowel does akh take in the accusative?
- What is the first noun of an iḍāfah that says someone has something?
- What lemma does the corpus give abnāʾ?
Answers: ā, akhā; dhū; ibn.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight nouns of the world around us, and how a noun is made definite.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)