The command, and seven common verbs
Seven common verbs of the Qur’ān, and the form of a verb that tells someone to do something.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 43.2%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 65.5%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
You have met the past form of a verb and its present form. This lesson teaches the third: the command, the form that tells someone to do something. With it come seven common verbs.
The new words
- فَعَلَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: يَفْعَلُ · تَفْعَلُ · فَعَلْ
do (faʿala: he did)
Kata akar: ف ع لKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 88
- ذَكَرَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ٱذْكُرُ · ٱذْكُرْ · يَذْكُرُ
Tiada makna diberikan di sini: perkataan ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan makna di sebelahnya.
Kata akar: ذ ك رKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 84
- ٱتَّبَعَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ٱتَّبَعُ · ٱتَّبَعَ · يَتَّبِعُ
follow (ittabaʿa: he followed)
Kata akar: ت ب عKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 136
- أَطَاعَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَطِيعُ · أَطَعْ · تُطِعْ
Tiada makna diberikan di sini: perkataan ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan makna di sebelahnya.
Kata akar: ط و عKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 72
- دَخَلَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ٱدْخُلُ · يَدْخُلُ · دَخَلُ
enter (dakhala: he entered)
Kata akar: د خ لKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 76
- سَمِعَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: يَسْمَعُ · سَمِعْ · تَسْمَعُ
hear (samiʿa: he heard)
Kata akar: س م عKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 78
- نَّظَرَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: يَنظُرُ · ٱنظُرْ · ٱنظُرُ
look; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Kata akar: ن ظ رKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 87
Two of them, dhakara and aṭāʿa, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The command
The command is made from the present form. Take away the letter in front that says who acts, and drop its last vowel. Where what is left would begin with two consonants, an alif is put in front. The corpus marks it as imperative.
- قُلْsay (qāla: he said)
Qul, "say!", is the command of qāla, from lesson 6. The present is yaqūlu; without its ya- and its last vowel it is qūl, and the long vowel is then made short: qul.
A command to a woman
The command also changes for who is told. Said to a woman, it ends in ī, which the corpus divides off as the pronoun "you", feminine.
- فَso, then, and so
- ٱدْخُلِenter (dakhala: he entered)
- ى
Fa-dkhulī is fa, "so", then udkhul, the command of dakhala, "enter", then ī, "you" said to a woman. The present is yadkhulu: without ya-, dkhul would begin with two consonants, so the command is udkhul. After fa that alif is not sounded: fa-dkhulī.
Let him
A command to someone not spoken to is made with li- before the present form, and the verb loses its last vowel. The corpus marks this li- as the lām of command. After fa or wa it loses its vowel and is said l-.
- فَso, then, and so
- لْfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- يَنظُرِlook; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Fa-l-yanẓur is fa, then l-, then yanẓur, "he looks", the present of naẓara, with its last vowel dropped: "so let him look". In the verse it ends in a short i only because al- follows, as in the sentence below.
In a sentence
Enter the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Udkhuli l-bayta, "enter the house": the command, then al-bayt in the accusative. The command's last letter takes a short i before al-.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Mereka mengetahui apa yang kamu lakukan.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Dan bahawa mereka memperkatakan apa yang mereka tidak melakukannya?
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Dan janganlah kamu menjadi seperti orang-orang (kafir dan munafik) yang berkata: “Kami dengar”, padahal mereka tidak mendengar (tidak mahu menerima dan mematuhinya).
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- How is the command made from the present form?
- What does ī at the end of a command say?
- How does Arabic say "let him look"?
Answers: the letter in front is taken away and the last vowel dropped, with an alif added where the word would otherwise begin with two consonants; that a woman is told; with li- before the present form, fa-l-yanẓur.
Next
The next lesson teaches how Arabic says "he has" and "for you", with the pronouns written after li and bi.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)