Form II: the middle letter doubled

Form II doubles the middle letter of the root. Lesson 18 met it on kadhdhaba. After forms I and IV it is the commonest form in the Qur’ān. This lesson teaches how it looks in the past and the present, and its verbal noun.

The new words

One of them, nazzala, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it, as anzala from lesson 25 does: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.

The past

In the past, with "he" as the doer, each letter of the root has a, and the middle one is doubled.

ʿAllama, "taught", from the root ʿ-l-m. ʿAlima in lesson 6 has the same root, of the first form. The corpus marks ʿallama form II.

Qaddamtu is qaddam and tu, "I", from the root q-d-m.

Zayyannā is zayyan and nā, "we". The corpus writes the verb's part as zayya-, because the root's last letter n and the n of nā are written once, with a shaddah.

The present

In the present, the letter in front takes u, as in form IV, and the doubled letter takes i.

Wa-yuʿallimuhumu is wa, then yuʿallimu, then humu, "them".

Nubaddila is nu-, "we", and the root b-d-l, with the middle letter doubled. The corpus marks it subjunctive, with a at its end. Its first letter carries a shaddah too: that comes of how this verse is written after the word before it and is no part of form II, and how it is recited is the Tajwīd title's.

Wa-yubayyinu is wa and yubayyinu, from bayyana, "made clear", the root b-y-n. Mubīn in lesson 21 has this root too, of form IV. The table above writes this verb as the corpus's lemma does, with u at the end; named with "he" as the doer, as lesson 6 names a verb, it is bayyana.

A verb that ends in a long vowel

With "he" as the doer this verb is najjā: its root, n-j-w, ends in a weak letter, and it ends in a long vowel, like the verbs of lesson 26. Najjaynāhum is najjay, then nā, "we", then hum, "them". Lesson 26 had aw before nā where the root ends in w. Form II has ay, whichever weak letter the root ends in. The shaddah on the first letter here is like the one on nubaddila: it is no part of the form.

The passive

In the passive past, the first letter has u and the doubled letter has i, as lesson 18 taught.

Zuyyina is the passive of zayyana. The corpus marks it passive and form II.

Yunabbaʾu is the passive present of nabbaʾa, with a on the doubled letter. The corpus marks it passive and form II. A u in front and a on the doubled letter is what the passive present of form II has.

The verbal noun: ta-, and long ī

The verbal noun of a verb of form II is most often ta-, then the root, with a long ī before the last letter.

Tanzīlun: the corpus marks it a verbal noun of form II, with the root n-z-l, of nazzala.

In a sentence

This sentence was written for practice. ʿAllama, then the doer, then al-walada, the one taught, in the accusative. Al-muʿallimu is the doer's noun of the same verb, with mu- and the doubled letter.

Reading

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Recall

• What does form II do to the root's middle letter?
• Which vowels has the present of form II on the letter in front, and on the doubled letter?
• What is the commonest pattern of its verbal noun?

Answers: it doubles it; u and i; ta-, then the root, with a long ī before the last letter.

Next

The next lesson teaches form VIII, which puts a t after the first letter of the root.