Form IV again: its doer's noun and its verbal noun

Lesson 25 taught the verbs of form IV. A verb of this form also has nouns built on it in a fixed way, and knowing the verb you can tell them when you meet them. This lesson teaches two of them, the doer's noun and the verbal noun, with eight words of the form.

The new words

Four of them, andhara, īmān, mushrik and muslim, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for any of them, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.

The verbs

Ahlaka, aʿraḍa, abṣara and aṣbaḥa have a- in front of the root in the past, and u after the letter in front in the present, as lesson 25 taught.

Ahlaktu is ahlak and tu, "I". The root is h-l-k. The corpus marks it form IV.

Yuʿriḍ is yu- and the root ʿ-r-ḍ, with i before the last letter. The corpus marks it jussive, and it has no vowel at its end.

Tubṣirūna is tu-, then the root b-ṣ-r, then ūna, "you".

Aṣbaḥa. The corpus marks it form IV, and counts it among the verbs of kāna's kind: as with kāna in lesson 6, a noun said of its subject takes the accusative. Here that noun is ghawran, and the corpus marks it accusative.

Fa-andhartukum is fa, then andhar, then tu, "I", then kum, "you", the one the action reaches.

The doer's noun: mu-

For most roots the active participle of a verb of form IV is mu-, then the root, with i before the last letter. Lesson 20 and lesson 22 met it. Where the root's middle letter is weak the i is long, as in the present: mubīn, from lesson 21.

Wa-l-mushrikīna is wa, then al-, then mushrikīna. The corpus marks mushrik the active participle of form IV, masculine plural, genitive. The root is sh-r-k, of ashraka in lesson 25.

Al-muslimūna is al- and muslimūna, nominative. The corpus marks it the active participle of form IV. The root is s-l-m.

The verbal noun: i-, and long ā

For most roots the verbal noun of a verb of form IV, its maṣdar, is i-, then the root, with a long ā before the last letter.

Īmānan: the corpus marks īmān a verbal noun of form IV, indefinite and accusative, with the root ʾ-m-n, of āmana in lesson 20. The root's first letter is a hamzah, so iʾ- becomes ī-, as aʾ- became ā- in āmana.

Aʿraḍa has iʿrāḍ, anfaqa of lesson 25 has infāq, and akhraja of lesson 18 has ikhrāj: the corpus marks each a verbal noun of form IV. A weak letter in the root changes the pattern: aqāma, of the root q-w-m, has iqām and iqāmah, with no w.

In a sentence

This sentence was written for practice. Abṣara, of form IV, then the doer, then the house in the accusative.

Reading

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Recall

• What does the active participle of form IV begin with?
• What is the pattern of the verbal noun of form IV?
• What does the corpus count aṣbaḥa among?

Answers: mu-; i-, then the root, with a long ā before the last letter; the verbs of kāna's kind.

Next

The next lesson teaches form II, which doubles the middle letter of the root.