The command, and seven common verbs
Seven common verbs of the Qur’ān, and the form of a verb that tells someone to do something.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 43,2%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 65,5%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
You have met the past form of a verb and its present form. This lesson teaches the third: the command, the form that tells someone to do something. With it come seven common verbs.
The new words
- فَعَلَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: يَفْعَلُ · تَفْعَلُ · فَعَلْ
do (faʿala: he did)
Akar kata: ف ع لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 88
- ذَكَرَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ٱذْكُرُ · ٱذْكُرْ · يَذْكُرُ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Akar kata: ذ ك رKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 84
- ٱتَّبَعَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ٱتَّبَعُ · ٱتَّبَعَ · يَتَّبِعُ
follow (ittabaʿa: he followed)
Akar kata: ت ب عKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 136
- أَطَاعَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: أَطِيعُ · أَطَعْ · تُطِعْ
Artinya tidak diberikan di sini: kata ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan artinya di sampingnya.
Akar kata: ط و عKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 72
- دَخَلَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: ٱدْخُلُ · يَدْخُلُ · دَخَلُ
enter (dakhala: he entered)
Akar kata: د خ لKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 76
- سَمِعَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: يَسْمَعُ · سَمِعْ · تَسْمَعُ
hear (samiʿa: he heard)
Akar kata: س م عKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 78
- نَّظَرَSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: يَنظُرُ · ٱنظُرْ · ٱنظُرُ
look; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Akar kata: ن ظ رKemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 87
Two of them, dhakara and aṭāʿa, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The command
The command is made from the present form. Take away the letter in front that says who acts, and drop its last vowel. Where what is left would begin with two consonants, an alif is put in front. The corpus marks it as imperative.
- قُلْsay (qāla: he said)
Qul, "say!", is the command of qāla, from lesson 6. The present is yaqūlu; without its ya- and its last vowel it is qūl, and the long vowel is then made short: qul.
A command to a woman
The command also changes for who is told. Said to a woman, it ends in ī, which the corpus divides off as the pronoun "you", feminine.
- فَso, then, and so
- ٱدْخُلِenter (dakhala: he entered)
- ى
Fa-dkhulī is fa, "so", then udkhul, the command of dakhala, "enter", then ī, "you" said to a woman. The present is yadkhulu: without ya-, dkhul would begin with two consonants, so the command is udkhul. After fa that alif is not sounded: fa-dkhulī.
Let him
A command to someone not spoken to is made with li- before the present form, and the verb loses its last vowel. The corpus marks this li- as the lām of command. After fa or wa it loses its vowel and is said l-.
- فَso, then, and so
- لْfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- يَنظُرِlook; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Fa-l-yanẓur is fa, then l-, then yanẓur, "he looks", the present of naẓara, with its last vowel dropped: "so let him look". In the verse it ends in a short i only because al- follows, as in the sentence below.
In a sentence
Enter the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Udkhuli l-bayta, "enter the house": the command, then al-bayt in the accusative. The command's last letter takes a short i before al-.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
12. Mereka mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3226. dan bahwa mereka mengatakan apa yang mereka sendiri tidak mengerjakan(nya)?
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.321. dan janganlah kamu menjadi seperti orang-orang (munafik) yang berkata, “Kami mendengarkan,” padahal mereka tidak mendengarkan (karena hati mereka mengingkarinya).
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- How is the command made from the present form?
- What does ī at the end of a command say?
- How does Arabic say "let him look"?
Answers: the letter in front is taken away and the last vowel dropped, with an alif added where the word would otherwise begin with two consonants; that a woman is told; with li- before the present form, fa-l-yanẓur.
Next
The next lesson teaches how Arabic says "he has" and "for you", with the pronouns written after li and bi.
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)