Aure · 01 cikin 08
Katunan aljihu
Aure & Iyali
النكاح والأسرةNikāḥ & Family
Bitar malamai: ana jira
Wannan rubutu ya fito ne daga laburaren bugu na Sabīl. Bitar malamai a kansa tana ci gaba har yanzu; kowane abu zai ɗauki sunayen masu bitarsa da kwanan wata da zarar malamai biyu sun sa hannu a kansa.
Daftarin fassara: na’ura ce ta yi shi daga Larabci da Turanci, kuma malami ko edita ɗan harshen bai karanta shi ba tukuna. Inda wani layi bai fito fili ba, ku nuna Turancin, ku kuma dogara da Larabcin.
Layukan da suka shafi hukunci ana nuna su koyaushe tare da Turancin bugu a ƙasansu. Layin da daftarinsa bai wuce bincike ba ana nuna shi da Turanci kaɗai.
Aure da Iyali
النِّكَاحُ
An-nikāḥ
Alkawari ne mai ɗaurewa. Abin da yake sa ya inganta, abin da kowanne yake bin ɗayan, da yadda ake kawo ƙarshensa idan ya zama dole.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A binding covenant. What makes it valid, what each owes the other, and how it is ended when it must be.
2 · Ɗaurin aure — rukunansa
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
2 · The contract — its pillars
3 · Waliyyi, shaidu & yarda
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
3 · Walī, witnesses & consent
4 · Mahr — sadaki
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
4 · Mahr — the dower
5 · Waɗanda ba a aurensu
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
5 · Who may not be married
6 · Haƙƙoƙi & walima
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
6 · Rights & the walīmah
7 · Saki — yadda ake yin sa
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
7 · Ṭalāq — the procedure
8 · Idda — lokacin jira
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
8 · ‘Iddah — the waiting period
An ambaci Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb inda suka saɓa. Al’amuran saki da riƙon yara suna da sakamako na doka — ku nemi shawarar ƙwararren malami da kotun yankinku.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb noted where they differ. Matters of divorce and custody carry legal consequences — consult a qualified scholar and your local court.
02Ɗaurin aure
Rukunansa
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Its pillars
1 Tayi da karɓarsa, a zama ɗaya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
1 An offer and its acceptance, in one sitting.
2 Ɓangarori biyu da suka halatta ga juna.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
2 Two parties lawful to one another.
3 Waliyyin amarya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
3 The walī of the bride.
4 Shaidu biyu adalai.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
4 Two witnesses of sound character.
5 Sadaki — an ambace shi, in ba haka ba sadakin tsararta ya wajaba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
5 The mahr — named, or else due at its fair rate.
Ḥ yana ganin waliyyi ba sharaɗi ba ne ga baligar mace mai hankali; sauran ukun suna sharɗanta shi, kuma auren da aka ɗaura ba tare da shi ba ɓatacce ne.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ḥ holds the walī not to be a condition for an adult woman of sound mind; the other three require him, and a contract without him is void.
Abu Dawud, Tirmizi · sahihi — “Babu aure sai da waliyyi da shaidu biyu adalai.”
Huɗubatul Haja
Ana buɗewa da ita kafin ɗaurin aure:
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Opened with before the contract:
إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ لِلَّهِ، نَحْمَدُهُ وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَمِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا
Innal-ḥamda lillāh, naḥmaduhu wa nasta‘īnuhu wa nastaghfiruh, wa na‘ūdhu billāhi min shurūri anfusinā wa min sayyi’āti a‘mālinā
Sannan ayoyi uku su biyo baya: Q 3:102, 4:1 da 33:70–71.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Followed by the three verses: Q 3:102, 4:1 and 33:70–71.
Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Nasa’i · sahihi. Ku sanar da auren a bainar jama’a; ɓoyewa ya saɓa wa sunna.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Abū Dāwūd, Tirmidhī, Nasā’ī · ṣaḥīḥ. Announce the marriage publicly; secrecy is contrary to the sunnah.
03Waliyyi & yarda
Jerin waliyyai
Uba, sannan kaka, sannan ɗa, sannan ɗan’uwa shaƙiƙi, sannan ɗan’uwa na uba ɗaya, sannan ’ya’yansu maza, sannan ’yan’uwan uba maza. Idan duka babu su, alƙalin Musulmi ne yake zama waliyyi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Father, then grandfather, then son, then full brother, then half-brother by the father, then their sons, then paternal uncles. Failing all, the Muslim judge acts as walī.
Yarda
Bazawara tana bayyana yardarta da baki.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A previously married woman states her consent in words.
Budurwa ana tambayar ta, kuma shirunta ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin yarda.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A virgin is asked, and her silence is taken as assent.
Auren da aka ɗaura ba da son ranta ba bai inganta ba, kuma tana iya sa a warware shi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A marriage contracted against her will is invalid, and she may have it annulled.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Bukhari · matar da mahaifinta ya aurar da ita ba da son ranta ba, kuma ta sa aka warware auren.
Ganin juna
An kwaɗaitar da kallon wadda kuke nufin aura — “hakan ya fi dacewa ya kawo jituwa tsakaninku.” Haɗuwa tana kasancewa ne a gaban muharrami, kuma babu keɓewa kafin ɗaurin aure.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Looking at the one you intend to marry is encouraged — “it is likelier to bring accord between you.” Meetings are in the presence of a maḥram, and there is no seclusion before the contract.
Tirmizi, Nasa’i · sahihi
Zaɓi: ana neman mace saboda abubuwa huɗu — dukiyarta, nasabarta, kyawunta da addininta. “Ka riƙi ma’abuciyar addini, ka rabauta.”
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Choosing: a woman is sought for four things — her wealth, her lineage, her beauty and her religion. “Take the one of religion, and prosper.”
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
04SadakiMahr
Mallakin amarya ne ita kaɗai, ana ba ta ita ba iyalinta ba. Haƙƙi ne na ɗaurin aure, ba farashi ba, kuma babu auren da yake inganta ba tare da shi ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The bride’s property alone, given to her and not to her family. It is a right of the contract, not a price, and no marriage is valid without it.
Q 4:4 — “Kuma ku bai wa mãtã sadãkõkĩnsu da sauƙin bãyarwa.”
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Q 4:4 — “Give the women their dowries as a free gift.”
Gwargwadonsa
Babu iyakar mafi yawa a Shari’a. Mafi alheri shi ne mafi sauƙi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
No maximum in the sharī‘ah. The best is the lightest.
Ḥ ya sa mafi ƙaranci dirhami goma; M uku. S da Ḥb ba su sa ba — duk abin da yake da ƙima ya isa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Ḥ sets a minimum of ten dirhams; M three. S and Ḥb set none — anything of value suffices.
Ana iya jinkirta shi gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangarensa, kuma ɓangaren da aka jinkirta yana zama bashi a kan dukiyar gado.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
It may be deferred in whole or in part, and the deferred portion becomes a debt on the estate.
Yana iya zama ba kuɗi ba: Annabi ﷺ ya aurar da wani mutum ga wata mace bisa abin da ya haddace na Alƙur’ani.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
It may be non-monetary: the Prophet ﷺ married a man to a woman for what he had memorised of the Qur’ān.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi; Abu Dawud · sahihi — “Auren da ya fi albarka shi ne wanda ya fi sauƙin ɗawainiya.”
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ; Abū Dāwūd · ṣaḥīḥ — “The marriage of greatest blessing is the least burdensome.”
Idan saki ya zo kafin saduwa
Rabin sadakin da aka ambata ya wajaba. Inda ba a ambaci wani ba, ana bayar da kyauta gwargwadon halinsa a madadin haka, kuma babu idda.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Half the named mahr is due. Where none was named, a gift according to his means is given instead, and no ‘iddah is owed.
Q 2:236–237, 33:49
05Waɗanda ba a aureWho may not marry
Haramun har abada
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Forbidden permanently
Ta jini — uwa da kakanni mata, ’ya da jikoki mata, ’yar’uwa, ’yar’uwar uba da ’yar’uwar uwa, ’yar ɗan’uwa ko ta ’yar’uwa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
By blood — mother and grandmothers, daughter and granddaughters, sister, aunt paternal and maternal, niece by brother or sister.
Ta aure — uwar mata, ’yar mata da zarar an sadu da uwarta, matar ɗa, matar uba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
By marriage — wife’s mother, wife’s daughter once the marriage is consummated, son’s wife, father’s wife.
Ta shayarwa — duk dangin da jini ya haramta, nono ma ya haramta shi, inda aka sha cikakkun shayarwa biyar a cikin shekaru biyu na farko.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
By suckling — every relation forbidden by blood is forbidden by milk, where five full feeds were taken within the first two years.
Q 4:23; Muslim · sahihi
Haramun matuƙar wani dalili yana nan
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Forbidden while a cause lasts
’Yan’uwa mata biyu a lokaci ɗaya; mace da ’yar’uwar ubanta ko ta uwarta a lokaci ɗaya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Two sisters at once; a woman and her aunt at once.
Macen da take da aure, ko wadda take cikin iddarta har yanzu.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A woman already married, or still within her ‘iddah.
Mata ta biyar alhali ana riƙe da huɗu.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A fifth wife while four are held.
Musulma ga namijin da ba Musulmi ba. Musulmi namiji yana iya auren kamammiyar mace daga Ahlul Kitabi, ko da yake auren Musulma ya fi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A Muslim woman to a non-Muslim man. A Muslim man may marry a chaste woman of the People of the Book, though marrying a Muslim woman is better.
Q 5:5, 2:221; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi. Auren wucin gadi (mut’a) an haramta shi na ƙarshe a Khaibar, kuma ɓatacce ne da ijma’i.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Q 5:5, 2:221; Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ. Temporary marriage (mut‘ah) was prohibited finally at Khaybar and is void by consensus.
06Haƙƙoƙi
Nata a kansa
Ciyarwa — abinci, tufafi da wurin zama — gwargwadon halinsa, ba nata ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Maintenance — food, clothing and a home — according to his means, not hers.
Kyakkyawar zamantakewa, da haƙuri da abin da ba ya so.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Kind companionship, and patience with what he dislikes.
Sadakinta cikakke, da dukiyarta ta kanta ba tare da an taɓa ta ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Her mahr in full, and her own property untouched.
Adalci a rabon lokaci da ciyarwa inda mata suka fi ɗaya.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Justice in time and provision where there is more than one wife.
A koya mata addininta, kada kuma a hana ta shi.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
To be taught her religion, and not prevented from it.
Q 4:19, 65:7; Muslim · sahihi — huɗubar Hajjin Bankwana.
Nasa a kanta
Biyayya a cikin abin da ya halatta — ba a cikin saɓon Allah ba ko kaɗan.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Obedience in what is lawful — never in disobedience to Allah.
Kiyaye mutuncinsa, gidansa da dukiyarsa a bayan idonsa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Guarding his honour, his household and his property in his absence.
Kada ta shigar da wanda ba ya so a gidansa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Not admitting into his home one he dislikes.
Muslim · sahihi — “Mafi alherinku shi ne mafi alherinku ga iyalinsa.” Tirmizi · sahihi
Walima
Sunna mu’akkada ce bayan saduwa, komai ƙanƙantarta — shi ﷺ ya yi ɗaya da mudu biyu na sha’ir. Amsa gayyatar wajibi ne sai da uzuri.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
A sunnah mu’akkadah after consummation, however modest — he ﷺ held one with two measures of barley. Accepting the invitation is obligatory unless excused.
Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
07SakiṬalāq
Mafi ƙyamar abubuwan halal. Kafin shi: wa’azi, sannan ƙaurace wa shimfiɗa, sannan masu sulhu biyu — ɗaya daga kowane iyali.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The most detested of lawful things. Before it: admonition, then separation in bed, then two arbiters — one from each family.
Q 4:35; Abu Dawud · ruwayar mai rauni ce a isnadi, ingantacciya ce a ma’ana da ijma’i.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Q 4:35; Abū Dāwūd · the report is weak in chain, sound in meaning by consensus.
Sigar sunna
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The sunnah form
Furuci ɗaya kawai, a cikin tsarkin da ba a yi jima’i a cikinsa ba.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
One pronouncement only, in a period of purity in which no intercourse has occurred.
Tana zama a gidan tsawon iddar — ba a fitar da ita, ita ma ba ta fita.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
She remains in the home throughout the ‘iddah — she is not turned out, nor does she leave.
Yana iya mayar da ita a cikin iddar ba tare da sabon ɗaurin aure ba. An halatta wannan sau biyu.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
He may take her back within the ‘iddah without a new contract. This is allowed twice.
Bayan na uku, ba ta halatta gare shi ba sai ta auri wani a aure na gaskiya wanda daga baya ya ƙare da kansa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
After the third, she is not lawful to him until she marries another in a genuine marriage that then ends of itself.
Q 2:229–230, 65:1; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi
Uku a lokaci ɗaya: ana ƙirga su uku kuma na ƙarshe bisa ga Ḥ, M, S da Ḥb; kaɗan daga malamai suna ƙirga shi ɗaya. Idan aka furta shi cikin fushi ko da wasa, yana tabbata.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Three at once: counted as three and final per Ḥ, M, S and Ḥb; a minority of scholars count it one. Uttered in rage or in jest, it takes effect.
Khul’i — bisa buƙatarta
Tana mayar da sadakin, ko wani ɓangarensa, sai a warware auren. Iddarta haila ɗaya ce.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
She returns the mahr, or part of it, and the marriage is dissolved. Her ‘iddah is one menstrual cycle.
Bukhari · sahihi — matar Thabit ibn Ƙais.
08Idda‘Iddah
Lokacin jira. Manufarta ita ce tabbatar da nasaba, da damar komawa.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
The waiting period. Its purpose is certainty of lineage, and the chance of return.
Wadda aka saka, tana haila har yanzu
Zagaye uku. Ḥ da Ḥb suna karanta ƙuru’ a matsayin haila; M da S a matsayin tsarkin da ke tsakaninsu.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Three cycles. Ḥ and Ḥb read qurū’ as menstruations; M and S as the purities between them.
Wadda ta daina haila, ko wadda ba ta kai ba
Watanni uku na ganin wata.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Three lunar months.
Mai ciki
Har sai ta haihu — ko ta saki ko ta mutuwa, kuma ko da washegari ne.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Until she delivers — whether by divorce or by death, and even if it is the day after.
Wadda mijinta ya rasu
Watanni huɗu da kwana goma. Tana yin takaba: babu turare, babu ado, kuma tana zama a gidan aurenta.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Four months and ten days. She observes mourning: no perfume, no adornment, and she remains in the marital home.
Wadda ba a sadu da ita ba tukuna
Babu ko kaɗan. Tana iya sake aure nan take.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
None at all. She may remarry at once.
Q 2:228, 2:234, 33:49, 65:4; Bukhari, Muslim · sahihi. Ciyarwa tana ci gaba a tsawon iddar saki mai kome. Riƙon ƙaramin yaro yana hannun uwa matuƙar ba ta sake aure ba; yaron ne yake zaɓa idan ya kai shekarun rarrabewa bisa ga S da Ḥb.
Turancin bugu, ana nuna shi koyaushe:
Q 2:228, 2:234, 33:49, 65:4; Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ. Maintenance continues through a revocable ‘iddah. Custody of a young child rests with the mother while she does not remarry; the child chooses at discernment per S and Ḥb.
Layukan da ke da gefe mai ɗigo-ɗigo su ne yadda ake karanta Larabcin, an fitar da su bisa ƙa’ida daga wasulansa. Ba daga littattafan da aka buga suke ba, kuma ba a duba su ba: inda suka bambanta da Larabcin, Larabcin ne daidai.
A wannan harshe ana karanta laburaren ne a daftarin fassarar sigar Ƙasa da ƙasa. Na’ura ce ta yi shi daga Larabci da Turanci, kuma babu malami ko edita ɗan harshen da ya yi masa bita tukuna. Larabcin shi ne tushe; ana iya nuna Turancin a gefensa. Inda wallafa ta ambato Alƙur’ani, ma’anar da ake nunawa lafazin wani bugu ne da aka wallafa, Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi (QuranEnc.com), ba daftari ba.
Buga wannan wallafa
Ƙasa da ƙasa · Larabci · Turanci
Na gida · Larabci · বাংলা · Turanci
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