Every thing, between, before, then, or and when
Eight common words of the Qur’ān, and the construct: two nouns joined so that the first belongs to the second.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 38.7%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 62.1%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
This lesson teaches eight common words: "every" and "thing"; "before", "then" and "when", for time and order; and "between", "or" and "that", for how things stand to each other. It also teaches the way Arabic joins two nouns so that the first is "of" the second.
The new words
- كُلّYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كُلِّ · كُلَّ · كُلُّ
every, each, all
Tushe: ك ل لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 359
- شَىْءYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: شَىْءٍ · شَيْـًٔا · شَىْءٌ
thing
Tushe: ش ي اAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 283
- بَيْنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: بَيْنَ · بَيْنِ · بَّيْنَ
between
Tushe: ب ي نAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 266
- قَبْلYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: قَبْلِ · قَبْلُ · قَبْلَ
before
Tushe: ق ب لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 242
- ثُمّYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ثُمَّ
then, after that
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 338
- أَوYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَوْ · أَوِ · أَو
or
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 280
- إِذَاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: إِذَا · إِذَآ · ءِذَا
when; if (most often of what is still to come)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 409
- أَنّYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَنَّ · أَنِّ · إِنَّ
that (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 362
Two nouns joined
When two nouns stand together and the first is "of" the second, Arabic calls it iḍāfah. The first noun drops al- and the ending -n; the second takes the genitive ending, most often i. "Every thing" is kullu shayʾin: kullu, "every", then shayʾin, "thing", in the genitive.
Alhãli, kõwane abu Mun ƙididdigẽ shi, a rubũce.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2This verse opens wa-kulla shayʾin: "and every thing", with kulla in the accusative, as the corpus marks it, and shayʾin in the genitive. The second noun is always in the genitive; the first takes whatever ending its place in the sentence asks for.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُلِّevery, each, all
Li-kulli is li, "for", from the first lesson, and kulli, in the genitive after it.
Then, or, when
- ثُمَّthen, after that
Thumma is "then": it joins two things and says the second comes after the first.
- أَوْor
Aw is "or".
- إِذَاwhen; if (most often of what is still to come)
Idhā is "when", most often of what is still to come. The corpus marks it as a word of time.
That
Anna is a word of its own, and works like inna from the fourth lesson: the corpus counts it among the words of inna's kind, and the word after it takes the accusative, as after inna. Where inna gives weight to a sentence, anna is "that", and makes what follows part of a longer sentence.
- أَنَّthat (it gives weight to what follows, as inna does)
- هُمthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Annahum is anna and hum, "they": "that they".
In a sentence
I work every day.
This sentence was written for practice. Kulla yawmin, "every day": kull, then the noun it belongs to, in the genitive.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Ashe, bai sani ba cewa Allah Yanã gani?
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma bã zã a sãka muku ba fãce da abin da kuka kasance kunã aikatãwa.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma idan sun gan su sai su ce: "Lalle waɗannan ɓatattu ne."
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- What happens to the first of two nouns joined in an iḍāfah?
- What ending does the second noun take?
- How is "that they" written?
Answers: it drops al- and the ending -n; the genitive, most often i; annahum.
Next
The next lesson teaches the earth, the sky, the day, a people, nafs and people, and how Arabic marks a noun feminine or plural.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)