Who, which, this, that, he and they
The words that point to a person or a thing, the pronouns that stand on their own, and the letter that asks a question.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 29.1%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 56%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
The second lesson's pronouns are joined to a word. Arabic also has pronouns that stand on their own, words that point ("this", "that"), and words that stand for a person or a thing ("who", "the one who"). This lesson teaches the commonest of them, and the one-letter word that turns a sentence into a question.
The new words
- ٱلَّذِىYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ٱلَّذِينَ · ٱلَّذِى · لَّذِينَ
who, which, that: the one who
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 1464
- مَنYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: مَن · مَنْ · مَّن
who; the one who, whoever
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 871
- ذَٰلِكYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ذَٰلِكَ · تِلْكَ · ذَٰلِكُمْ
that
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 520
- هَٰذَاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هَٰذَا · هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ · هَٰذَآ
this; these
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 318
- هُوَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هُوَ
he, it
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 481
- هُمْYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هُمْ
they
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 585
- أَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَ · ءَ
a question: it asks about what follows
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 513
The one who
Alladhī is "the one who" or "which", and it begins a description of someone or something. It changes its shape for the number and gender of who it describes: alladhīna is "those who".
- ٱلَّذِينَwho, which, that: the one who
The corpus gives alladhīna the lemma alladhī, and marks it as masculine and plural.
Man is "who". Most often in the Qur’ān it means "the one who" or "whoever"; less often it asks "who?".
This and that
Hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika is "that", for what is further off.
- ذَٰلِكَthat
This is my pen.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā qalamī: "this", then qalam, "pen", with ī, "my", from the second lesson. Arabic needs no word for "is" in a sentence like this one.
He and they
Huwa is "he" or "it", standing on its own, and hum is "they".
"Ka ce: "Shi ne Allah Makaɗaĩci."
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2The second word of this verse is huwa. The corpus gives huwa no lemma; it names it by its person, gender and number, as it names the joined pronouns.
Asking
A-, the letter hamzah written on an alif and joined to the front of a word, makes a sentence a question.
- أَa question: it asks about what follows
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
A-lam is a-, the question, and lam, "did not", from the last lesson: "did … not?".
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Kuma wancan bai zama mabuwãyi ba ga Allah.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Wanda suke sãɓa wa jũna a cikinsa?
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Bã zã su faku daga gare ta ba.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- What is the difference between hādhā and dhālika?
- What lemma does the corpus give alladhīna?
- What does a- do at the front of a word?
Answers: hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika "that", for what is further; alladhī; it makes the sentence a question.
Next
The next lesson teaches the first verbs: "said", "was", "made", "came" and "knew".
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)