The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 3.5%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 39.6%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
The last lesson's words join the front of a word. This lesson's join its end. They are pronouns, the words for "they", "you", "he", "we", "I" and "she", and the Qur’ān writes them as part of the word before them.
Two of them, "they" and "you" for more than one, are among the five commonest parts of the Qur’ān's words, and "he" is among the ten commonest. With the last lesson's words, they are much of what holds a sentence together.
The new words
- وا۟Yadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: وا۟ · ونَ · هُمْ
they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 7366
- كُمْYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كُمْ · وا۟ · ونَ
you, your (more than two)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 4645
- هُۥYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هُۥ · هُ · هِ
him, his; it, its
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 2727
- نَاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: نَا · نَٰ · نَآ
we (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 2347
- كَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: كَ · تَ · تَّ
you, your (one man)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 1300
- ىYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ى · تُ · نِى
me, my; I (as the doer of a verb)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 1239
- هَاYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: هَا · هَآ
her; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Adadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 1062
The corpus names each pronoun by three things: its person (the speaker, the one spoken to, or someone else), its gender and its number, in that order. "3MP" is third person, masculine, plural: "they", "them", "their". The table shows the ways the Qur’ān writes each one: a pronoun can take one shape when it is the one who does a verb's action, and another when the action is done to it or when it follows a noun.
Joined to a verb
A pronoun joined to a verb can be the one who does the action, or the one it is done to.
- أَعْطَيْ
- نَٰwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
- كَyou, your (one man)
This one word has three parts: a verb, aʿṭā, then nā, "we", the ones who give, and then ka, "you", the one given to. In Arabic a whole sentence can be one written word.
- ٱهْدِ
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Here nā is joined to a verb in the imperative, the form that tells or asks someone to do something, and it is the one the action is done to: "us".
Joined to a small word
A pronoun can also join the small words of the next lesson, the words for "in", "on" and "to".
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
Fīhi is fī, "in", and hi, "it": "in it". The corpus calls this pronoun third person, masculine, singular, the same pronoun as "his" and "him".
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlayhim is ʿalā, "on", and him, "them". This pronoun is written hum or him by the sound before it; both are the same pronoun.
Joined to a noun
Joined to a noun, a pronoun says whose it is: "his", "our", "my".
Our house is near.
This sentence was written for practice. Baytunā is bayt, "house", and nā, "our".
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
To, Lãhira da dũniya na Allah kawai ne (wanda ya nẽme su daga wani, yã yi kuskure).
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2To, ku yi tawãli'u [1]ga Allah, kuma ku bauta (masa).
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- In the word aʿṭaynāka, which part is "we" and which is "you"?
- What does "3MP" stand for?
- In fīhi, what is hi?
Answers: nā is "we" and ka is "you"; third person, masculine, plural; the pronoun "it" (third person, masculine, singular), joined to fī.
Next
The next lesson teaches the small words of place and direction: "from", "in", "on", "to" and "about".
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)