If, when and will not
The words of the Qur’ān for "if" and "when", which tell apart what happened, what will happen and what never did, and lan, "will not".
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 48.3%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 68.7%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
English has one "if" and one "when". Arabic has several, and each says something about time: whether a thing has happened, will happen, or did not happen at all. Lesson 4 taught in, "if", and lesson 8 idhā, "when", most often of what is to come. This lesson teaches the others.
The new words
- لَوSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَوْ · لَّوْ · لَوِ
if (of what did not or will not happen)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 201
- لَوْلَآSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَوْلَا · لَوْلَآ · لَّوْلَا
if it were not for; why not
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 75
- إِذSida Qur’aanku u qoro: إِذْ · إِذِ · إِذ
when (of what has happened)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 239
- لَمَّاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَمَّا · لَمَّآ · لَّمَّا
when (once it had happened)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 156
- يَوْمَئِذSida Qur’aanku u qoro: يَوْمَئِذٍ · يَوْمَئِذٍۭ · يَوْمِئِذٍ
on that day
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 70
- لَنSida Qur’aanku u qoro: لَن · لَّن · لَنْ
will not (before a present verb)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 106
If it were so
Law is "if", of what is not so, or of what did not happen.
- لَوْif (of what did not or will not happen)
The corpus marks law as a word of condition.
Lawlā is law with lā: "if it were not for", and, before a verb, "why not?".
When it happened
Idh is "when", of what has happened.
- إِذْwhen (of what has happened)
The corpus marks idh as a word of time. Lammā before a past verb is also "when", once a thing had happened. Before a present verb, lammā is "not yet"; the corpus most often counts that lammā with lam, from lesson 4, and not as this word.
On that day
- يَوْمَئِذٍon that day
Yawmaʾidhin is yawma, "on the day", from lesson 9, with idh, which takes -in here, written as one word with it: "on that day". The corpus keeps it as one word of time.
Will not
Lan stands before a verb in its present form and denies the future: "will not". The verb after it ends in a, the subjunctive; a verb that ends in -ūna loses its -na.
- لَّنwill not (before a present verb)
In a sentence
I will not go.
This sentence was written for practice. Lan adhhaba: "I will not go". Adhhabu, "I go", ends in a after lan.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
64. Wuxuu leeyahay waxa ku sugan samooyinka iyo waxa ku sugan arlada. Hubaal, Alle waa Hodonka (ka deeqtoon wax waliba) la ammaanoo Mahadsan.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2611. Marka lagu yidhaahdo: Ha fasaadanina (hallaynina) arlada, Waxay yidhaahdaan: Waxaanu nahay uun wax hagaajiyaal.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2650. Kuwii ka horreeyey baa sidaas yidhi, waxbase uma tarin waxay kasbadeen.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- Which "when" is for what has happened?
- What does lan deny?
- What is yawmaʾidhin made of?
Answers: idh; the future, "will not"; yawma, "on the day", and idh.
Next
The next lesson teaches how a question is asked, bal, "rather", and the words that work like inna.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)