You, we and they, and the dual
The pronouns that stand on their own as the subject of a sentence, and how Arabic speaks of two.
Waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI
Casharradan waxaa qoray oo hubiyay AI, weli macallin Carabi ahina ma akhrin. Aayadaha, macnayaashooda iyo falanqaynta eray kasta waxaa laga soo qaatay ilahooda, kuwaas oo lagu magacaabay meesha lagu muujiyo.
Casharkan waxaa lagu qoray Ingiriisi iyo Bengaali oo keliya, sidaas darteed halkan waxaa lagu muujiyey Ingiriisi.
- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 45.5%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 67%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
Lesson 5 taught huwa, "he", and hum, "they", standing on their own. This lesson teaches the others the Qur’ān uses most: "you", one man and more than two, and "we". It also teaches the dual: Arabic has a number of its own for two.
The new words
- أَنتَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَنتَ
you (one man)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 81
- أَنتُمْSida Qur’aanku u qoro: أَنتُمْ
you (more than two)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 102
- نَحْنُSida Qur’aanku u qoro: نَحْنُ
we
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 76
- هُمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُم
they
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 148
- هُمَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُمَا · هُمَآ · هِمَا
they two, the two of them
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 101
- كُمَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كُمَا · انِ · ا
you two
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 98
- اSida Qur’aanku u qoro: ا · هُمَا · انِ
they two, the two of them (men, or things called masculine)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 115
A sentence with no verb
A pronoun standing on its own is most often the subject of its sentence. Where what is said of it is a noun or a phrase, the sentence has no verb: "you are …", "we are …". Arabic needs no word for "is" in such a sentence.
- أَنتَyou (one man)
Anta is "you", one man, standing on its own.
- أَنتُمْyou (more than two)
Antum is "you", more than two.
The table counts hum apart from lesson 5's hum: in some places the muṣḥaf writes it without the mark of a silent letter (the sukūn) on its m, and the corpus counts each spelling as a unit of its own. They are the same pronoun, and this hum comes after li, as in lesson 12, more often than it stands on its own: lahum, "for them".
Two
For two people or things, Arabic uses the dual. A pronoun of the dual ends in -ā: humā, "the two of them", kumā, "you two".
- بَيْنَbetween
- هُمَاthey two, the two of them
Baynahumā is bayna, "between", from lesson 8, and humā, "the two of them".
A verb whose doer is two ends in -ā as well in the past, and in -āni in the present; the corpus divides these endings off as pronouns of the dual. A noun in the dual ends in -āni, or -ayni in the genitive and accusative.
In a sentence
We are here.
This sentence was written for practice. Naḥnu hunā: "we", then "here", and no verb between them.
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
52. Kuwaannu siinnay Kitaabka (Towraadda iyo Injiilka) ka hor kani (Qur'aanka) - baa rumeyn [19] waxa ku soo arooray (Qur’aanka).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2617. Waxaa markaa lagu odhan: Waxakanu waa waxaad beenin jirteen.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2650. Hubaal kanu (Cadaabka) waa waxaad ka shaki qabteen oo ka doodeyseen.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- Does a sentence like "we are here" need a verb in Arabic?
- What is "you" for more than two?
- How does a pronoun of the dual end?
Answers: no; antum; in -ā, as humā.
Next
The next lesson teaches "those", "after", "at", "with", "some", "other than", "until" and "below", and the noun after them.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)