Sukūn
A small circle above a letter marks that no vowel follows it, and al-Fātiḥah has one in every verse.
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The last lesson taught the three marks that give a letter its vowel. This lesson teaches the mark that says a letter has none.
The mark
- بْsukūnQoraal Laatiin ah oo xeer lagu sameeyay: b
- سْsukūnQoraal Laatiin ah oo xeer lagu sameeyay: s
Sukūn is a small circle written above a letter. It means that no vowel follows the letter. The transliteration writes such a letter by itself, with no vowel after it, as the cards show.
A word may carry more than one sukūn. How a letter with sukūn is sounded, and how it meets the letter after it, is taught in the library's Tajwīd title.
A bare letter is not a letter with sukūn
Some letters in this print are written bare, with neither a vowel mark nor a sukūn. That is not the same as sukūn. The yā’ of the last word of the first verse of al-Fātiḥah is bare: it is one of the long vowel letters of lesson 13. A lām that follows the alif at the start of a word is sometimes bare: lesson 17 explains when. The print leaves a few other letters bare for reasons that later lessons give. A letter with sukūn carries its small circle, and you can see it. One other small circle is written in this print, over an alif, a wāw or, rarely, a yā’ in certain words: it is a sign of the muṣḥaf's own, taught in lesson 19, and not a sukūn.
In the Qur’ān
Every verse of al-Fātiḥah has at least one sukūn. The first word of the first verse has it on sīn: bā’ with kasrah, sīn with sukūn, mīm with kasrah.
- بِbā’+ kasrah
- سْsīn+ sukūn
- مِmīm+ kasrah
The first word of the second verse has it twice, on lām and on mīm.
- ٱalif waṣlah
- لْlām+ sukūn
- حَḥā’+ fatḥah
- مْmīm+ sukūn
- دُdāl+ ḍammah
The second word of the fourth verse has it on wāw. Here the wāw carries the circle and is a letter with sukūn; a wāw written bare is a long vowel, as lesson 13 shows.
- يَyā’+ fatḥah
- وْwāw+ sukūn
- مِmīm+ kasrah
The third word of the last verse has it on nūn and on mīm. Its first letter is an alif with a hamzah seated on it, taught in lesson 15.
- أَalif with a hamzah above+ fatḥah
- نْnūn+ sukūn
- عَʿayn+ fatḥah
- مْmīm+ sukūn
- تَtā’+ fatḥah
Look through the other words of the sūrah in lessons 1 to 9 and find the small circle in each.
Recall
- What does sukūn look like, and where is it written?
- What does it mean?
- Is a letter with no mark at all the same as a letter with sukūn?
Answers: a small circle above the letter; that no vowel follows the letter; no, a bare letter is something else, which later lessons explain.
Next
The next lesson teaches shaddah, the mark of a doubled letter.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)