The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 51.7%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 70.7%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Kata akar: ا خ ذKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 124
- ظَلَمَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Kata akar: ظ ل مKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 110
- كَذَّبَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
Tiada makna diberikan di sini: perkataan ini membawa agama, dan maknanya dibaca dalam ayat-ayat, dengan makna di sebelahnya.
Kata akar: ك ذ بKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 176
- أَخْرَجَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Kata akar: خ ر جKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 99
- قَتَلَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Kata akar: ق ت لKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 83
- رَجَعَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Kata akar: ر ج عKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 79
- وَعَدَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Kata akar: و ع دKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Kata akar: و ل يKekerapan dalam al-Quran: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
Adakah engkau mengetahui (keburukan) orang yang berpaling (dari menurut kebenaran kerana ia dihasut)?
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Akan tetapi ia mendustakan, dan berpaling ingkar!
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Yang telah mendustakan (kebenaran) dan berpaling ingkar.
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)