From, in, on, to and about
The five commonest prepositions that the Qur’ān writes as words of their own, what happens to the word after them, and how they take a pronoun.
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- Kata Al-Qur’an yang dikenal utuh
- 12,9%
- Bagian kata Al-Qur’an yang sudah diajarkan
- 45,5%
Dihitung dari Quranic Arabic Corpus: sebuah kata dikenal utuh bila setiap bagiannya sudah diajarkan. Angka-angka ini menunjukkan kata-kata yang sudah Anda temui, bukan seberapa banyak yang Anda pahami.
A preposition (ḥarf al-jarr) says where something is, where it goes, or what it is about. Two of the first lesson's words, bi and li, can be prepositions written as part of the next word. Arabic also has a few that stand on their own as words, and this lesson teaches the five of those the Qur’ān uses most: min, fī, ʿalā, ilā and ʿan.
The new words
- مِنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: مِن · مِنْ · مِنَ
from, of, some of
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 3226
- فِىSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: فِى · فِي · فِىٓ
in, about
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 1701
- عَلَىٰSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: عَلَيْ · عَلَىٰ · عَلَى
on, upon, over, against
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 1445
- إِلَىٰSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: إِلَيْ · إِلَىٰ · إِلَى
to, towards, until
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 742
- عَنSebagaimana ditulis Al-Qur’an: عَنْ · عَن · عَنِ
from, away from, about
Kemunculan dalam Al-Qur’an: 465
The word after a preposition
A preposition is followed by a noun, and that noun takes the ending of the genitive case. In the Qur’ān's spelling this is most often a short i at the end of the word: after min, al-baytu, "the house", becomes al-bayti.
The boy went out of the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Before al-, min takes a short vowel to join it, and is said mina: mina l-bayti, "from the house".
The book is on the desk.
ʿAlā l-maktabi, "on the desk": al-maktabu ends in i after ʿalā.
With a pronoun
A preposition can take one of the last lesson's pronouns, written as one word with it.
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlā and ilā change their last sound before a pronoun: ʿalā with hum, "them", is ʿalayhim, and ilā with ka, "you", is ilayka. The table shows both ways the Qur’ān writes them.
In a verse
2. Kitab (Al-Qur`ān) itu tidak ada keraguan padanya; petunjuk bagi mereka yang bertakwa.[5]
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3You know one word of this verse whole: fīhi, "in it". In its last word you know the first two parts, li and al-, written lil-; the word they join comes later in the course.
Reading
Kata-kata yang Anda kenal utuh setelah pelajaran ini ditandai.
22. atasnya (hewan-hewan ternak), dan di atas kapal-kapal kamu diangkut.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.378. Dan Kami abadikan untuk Nuh (pujian) di kalangan orang-orang yang datang kemudian;
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.354. Setelah itu kamu akan meminum air yang sangat panas.
Indonesian Translation - Sabiq Company · QuranEnc.com · version 1.1.3Recall
- What ending does a noun take after a preposition?
- How is min said before al-?
- What is ʿalā with the pronoun "them"?
Answers: the genitive, most often a short i; mina; ʿalayhim.
Next
The next lesson teaches the words for "no" and "not", "indeed", "except" and "that".
Analisis kata: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)