Eight common verbs, and roots with a weak letter or a hamzah
Eight common verbs of the Qur’ān, and what happens to a verb whose root has a weak middle letter or a hamzah.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 50.6%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 70.1%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
This lesson teaches eight more of the commonest verbs of the Qur’ān. Several of them have a root with a weak letter or a hamzah, and those change their shape in ways the corpus lets you see.
The new words
- خَلَقَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: خَلَقَ · خَلَقْ · يَخْلُقُ
create, make (khalaqa: he created)
Tushe: خ ل قAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 184
- شَآءَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَشَآءُ · شَآءَ · شِئْ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ش ي اAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 236
- أَرَادَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يُرِيدُ · أَرَادَ · تُرِيدُ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ر و دAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 139
- أَخَذَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَخَذْ · أَخَذَ · أَخَذَتْ
take, seize (akhadha: he took)
Tushe: ا خ ذAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 127
- وَجَدَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: تَجِدُ · يَجِدُ · وَجَدْ
find (wajada: he found)
Tushe: و ج دAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 106
- سَأَلَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَسْـَٔلُ · سَأَلْ · أَسْـَٔلُ
ask (saʾala: he asked)
Tushe: س ا لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 106
- أَكَلَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: تَأْكُلُ · كُلُ · يَأْكُلُ
eat (akala: he ate)
Tushe: ا ك لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 93
- خَافَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَخَافُ · يَخَافُ · خِفْ
fear (khāfa: he feared)
Tushe: خ و فAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 83
Two of them, shāʾa and arāda, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
A weak middle letter
Some roots have w or y as their middle letter. In the past form that letter becomes a long ā: khāfa, "feared", is from the root kh-w-f.
- خَافَfear (khāfa: he feared)
- يَخَافُfear (khāfa: he feared)
In the present form there is a long vowel too: ā here, in yakhāfu, "he fears". Qāla, from lesson 6, is a verb of the same kind, with ū in its present: yaqūlu, "he says".
- يُرِيدُ
Yurīdu is the present of arāda, whose root r-w-d has a weak middle letter too, here a long ī. The corpus marks arāda as form IV, which is why its present begins with yu-.
A hamzah
Akhadha, "took", saʾala, "asked", and akala, "ate", each have a hamzah in their root. The hamzah is most often kept, as in yaʾkhudhu, "he takes". In the command of akhadha and of akala it is dropped: khudh, "take!", and kul, "eat!".
- فَso, then, and so
- أَخَذَtake, seize (akhadha: he took)
- هُhim, his; it, its
Fa-akhadhahu is fa, then akhadha, "took", then hu, "him". The corpus marks this fa as one of cause: what follows comes because of what went before.
The passive
- سُئِلَتْask (saʾala: he asked)
Suʾilat is "she was asked": the past of saʾala with u and i in place of a and a. The corpus marks it passive. The next lesson has more of the passive.
In a sentence
The boy ate.
This sentence was written for practice. Akala l-waladu: "the boy ate", verb first.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Dõmin wanda ya so, ya tuna.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2"Alhãli, Allah ne Ya halitta ku game da abin da kuke aikatãwa?"
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Bã a tambayar Sa ga abin da Yake aikatãwa, alhãli kuwa sũanã tambayar su.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- What does a weak middle letter become in the past form?
- Why does yurīdu begin with yu-?
- How is the passive past of saʾala written?
Answers: a long ā; arāda is form IV; suʾila, "he was asked".
Next
The next lesson teaches eight more verbs, and how the corpus marks the passive and the derived forms of a verb.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)