The command, and seven common verbs
Seven common verbs of the Qur’ān, and the form of a verb that tells someone to do something.
AI ne ya rubuta kuma ya duba
AI ne ya rubuta waɗannan darussa kuma ya duba su, kuma har yanzu babu wani malamin Larabci da ya karanta su. Ayoyin, da ma’anoninsu da nazarin kowace kalma an ɗauko su daga tushensu, waɗanda aka ambata a inda aka nuna su.
An rubuta wannan darasi da Turanci da Bengali kawai, don haka ana nuna shi a nan da Turanci.
- Kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka sani gaba ɗaya
- 43.2%
- Sassan kalmomin Alƙur’ani da aka koyar zuwa yanzu
- 65.5%
An ƙidaya daga Quranic Arabic Corpus: an san kalma gaba ɗaya idan an koyar da kowane sashe nata. Ƙididdigar tana faɗin kalmomin da kuka haɗu da su, ba yawan abin da kuka fahimta ba.
You have met the past form of a verb and its present form. This lesson teaches the third: the command, the form that tells someone to do something. With it come seven common verbs.
The new words
- فَعَلَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَفْعَلُ · تَفْعَلُ · فَعَلْ
do (faʿala: he did)
Tushe: ف ع لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 88
- ذَكَرَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ٱذْكُرُ · ٱذْكُرْ · يَذْكُرُ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ذ ك رAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 84
- ٱتَّبَعَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ٱتَّبَعُ · ٱتَّبَعَ · يَتَّبِعُ
follow (ittabaʿa: he followed)
Tushe: ت ب عAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 136
- أَطَاعَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: أَطِيعُ · أَطَعْ · تُطِعْ
Ba a ba da ma’ana a nan ba: wannan kalma tana ɗauke da addini, kuma ana karanta ma’anarta a cikin ayoyi, tare da ma’ana a gefensu.
Tushe: ط و عAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 72
- دَخَلَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: ٱدْخُلُ · يَدْخُلُ · دَخَلُ
enter (dakhala: he entered)
Tushe: د خ لAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 76
- سَمِعَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَسْمَعُ · سَمِعْ · تَسْمَعُ
hear (samiʿa: he heard)
Tushe: س م عAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 78
- نَّظَرَYadda Alƙur’ani ke rubuta ta: يَنظُرُ · ٱنظُرْ · ٱنظُرُ
look; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Tushe: ن ظ رAdadin fitowarta a Alƙur’ani: 87
Two of them, dhakara and aṭāʿa, carry the religion in the Qur’ān's use of them: the course gives no meaning of its own for either, and you read them in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
The command
The command is made from the present form. Take away the letter in front that says who acts, and drop its last vowel. Where what is left would begin with two consonants, an alif is put in front. The corpus marks it as imperative.
- قُلْsay (qāla: he said)
Qul, "say!", is the command of qāla, from lesson 6. The present is yaqūlu; without its ya- and its last vowel it is qūl, and the long vowel is then made short: qul.
A command to a woman
The command also changes for who is told. Said to a woman, it ends in ī, which the corpus divides off as the pronoun "you", feminine.
- فَso, then, and so
- ٱدْخُلِenter (dakhala: he entered)
- ى
Fa-dkhulī is fa, "so", then udkhul, the command of dakhala, "enter", then ī, "you" said to a woman. The present is yadkhulu: without ya-, dkhul would begin with two consonants, so the command is udkhul. After fa that alif is not sounded: fa-dkhulī.
Let him
A command to someone not spoken to is made with li- before the present form, and the verb loses its last vowel. The corpus marks this li- as the lām of command. After fa or wa it loses its vowel and is said l-.
- فَso, then, and so
- لْfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- يَنظُرِlook; wait (naẓara: he looked)
Fa-l-yanẓur is fa, then l-, then yanẓur, "he looks", the present of naẓara, with its last vowel dropped: "so let him look". In the verse it ends in a short i only because al- follows, as in the sentence below.
In a sentence
Enter the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Udkhuli l-bayta, "enter the house": the command, then al-bayt in the accusative. The command's last letter takes a short i before al-.
Reading
An sa alama a kan kalmomin da kuka sani gaba ɗaya bayan wannan darasi.
Sunã sanin abin da kuke aikatãwa.
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma lalle ne, sũ, sunã faɗin abin da bã su aikatãwa?
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Kuma kada ku kasance kamar waɗanda suka ce: "Mun ji, alhãli kuwa sũ bã su ji."
Hausa Translation - Abu Bakr Jumi · QuranEnc.com · version 1.2.2Recall
- How is the command made from the present form?
- What does ī at the end of a command say?
- How does Arabic say "let him look"?
Answers: the letter in front is taken away and the last vowel dropped, with an alif added where the word would otherwise begin with two consonants; that a woman is told; with li- before the present form, fa-l-yanẓur.
Next
The next lesson teaches how Arabic says "he has" and "for you", with the pronouns written after li and bi.
Nazarin kalmomi: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)