Al-Qalam
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نٓ ۚ وَٱلْقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسْطُرُونَ 1
{ ن } أحد حروف الهجاء الله أعلم بمراده به { والقلم } الذي كتب به الكائنات في اللوح المحفوظ { وما يسطرون } أي الملائكة من الخير والصلاح.
Nūn, one of the letters of the alphabet: God knows best what He means by it. By the Pen, with which He has inscribed [the records of] all creatures in the Preserved Tablet, and what they inscribe, that is, the angels, of good and righteousness.
مَآ أَنتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونٍ 2
{ مآ أنت } يا محمد { بنعمة ربك بمجنون } أي انتفى الجنون عنك بسبب إنعام ربك عليك بالنبوة وغيرها. وهذا رد لقولهم: إنه مجنون.
You are not, O Muhammad (s), by the grace of your Lord, a madman, that is to say, madness is precluded in your case, on account of your Lord’s grace to you by way of [His assigning to you] prophethood and in other ways — this was a refutation of their saying that he was a madman.
وَإِنَّ لَكَ لَأَجْرًا غَيْرَ مَمْنُونٍ 3
{ وإن لك لأجرا غير ممنون } مقطوع.
And assuredly you will have an unfailing reward.
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ 4
{ وإنك لعلى خلق } دين { عظيم }.
And assuredly you possess a magnificent nature, [a magnificent] religion.
فَسَتُبْصِرُ وَيُبْصِرُونَ 5
{ فستبصر ويبصرون }.
Then you will see and they will see,
بِأَييِّكُمُ ٱلْمَفْتُونُ 6
{ بأييكم المفتون } مصدر كالمعقول، أي الفتون بمعنى الجنون، أي أبك أم بهم؟.
which of you is demented (al-maftūn is a verbal noun, similar [in expressional form] to al-ma‘qūl, ‘intelligible’; al-futūn meaning al-junūn, ‘insanity’) in other words, is it [this insanity] in you or in them?
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِٱلْمُهْتَدِينَ 7
{ إن ربك هو أعلم بمن ضل عن سبيله وهو أعلم بالمهتدين } له و أعلم بمعنى عالم.
Assuredly your Lord knows best those who stray from His way, and He knows best those who are guided, to Him.
فَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ 8
{ فلا تطع المكذبين }.
So do not obey the deniers.
وَدُّوا۟ لَوْ تُدْهِنُ فَيُدْهِنُونَ 9
{ ودوا } تمنوا { لو } مصدرية { تدهن } تلين لهم { فيدهنون } يلينون لك، وهو معطوف على تدهن، وإن جعل جواب التمني المفهوم من «ودوا» قدر قبله بعد الفاء: هم.
They desire, they yearn, that (law relates to the verbal action) you should be pliable, [that] you should yield to them, so that they may be pliable [towards you], [so that] they may yield to you (fa-yudhinūna is a supplement to tudhinu, ‘you should be pliable’, but if it is understood to be the response to the optative clause of waddū, ‘they yearn’, then [a free standing pronoun] hum should be read as implied before it after the fā’ [sc. fa-hum yudhinūna]).
وَلَا تُطِعْ كُلَّ حَلَّافٍ مَّهِينٍ 10
{ ولا تطع كل حلاف } كثير الحلف بالباطل { مهين } حقير.
And do not obey any mean, despicable, oath-monger, given to frequent swearing by falsehood,
هَمَّازٍ مَّشَّآءٍۭ بِنَمِيمٍ 11
{ هماز } عياب أي مغتاب { مشآء بنميم } ساع بالكلام بين الناس على وجه الإفساد بينهم.
backbiting, faultfinder, that is to say, calumniator, scandal-monger, spreading [evil] talk among people in order to sow dissension between them,
مَّنَّاعٍ لِّلْخَيْرِ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ 12
{ مناع للخير } بخيل بالمال عن الحقوق { معتد } ظالم { أثيم } آثم.
hinderer of good, niggardly with his wealth against deserving causes, sinful transgressor, wrongdoer,