Having: lahu, lakum and the pronouns after li and bi
How Arabic says "he has" and "for you" with li and a pronoun, and the pronouns the corpus counts apart after li and bi.
Written and checked by AI
These lessons were written and checked by AI, and no teacher of Arabic has read them yet. The verses, their meanings and the analysis of every word are taken from their sources, which are named where they are shown.
- Words of the Qur’ān known whole
- 44.8%
- Parts of the Qur’ān’s words taught so far
- 66.4%
Counted from the Quranic Arabic Corpus: a word is known whole when every part of it has been taught. The counts say which words you have met, not how much you understand.
Arabic most often says "have" with no verb. It says that a thing is "for" someone, with li and a pronoun: lahu is "for him", and so "he has". This lesson teaches that, and the pronouns as the corpus writes them after li and bi.
The new words
- كُمْAs the Qur’ān writes it: كُمْ
you, your (more than two)
Times in the Qur’ān: 262
- هُۥAs the Qur’ān writes it: هُۥ
him, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Times in the Qur’ān: 232
- هِۦAs the Qur’ān writes it: هِۦ
him, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Times in the Qur’ān: 261
- هُمُAs the Qur’ān writes it: هُمُ
they, them
Times in the Qur’ān: 132
- هَاAs the Qur’ān writes it: هَا
her, it (a thing called feminine)
Times in the Qur’ān: 110
- نَاAs the Qur’ān writes it: نَا
us
Times in the Qur’ān: 70
- كُمAs the Qur’ān writes it: كُم
you, your (more than two)
Times in the Qur’ān: 80
- كَAs the Qur’ān writes it: كَ
you (one man)
Times in the Qur’ān: 80
These are the pronouns of the second lesson. After li and bi, and in a few other places, the corpus writes the pronoun as a word of its own rather than as a part joined to the end, and names it by its spelling. So the table counts them apart: -kum after la- is here, and -kum after a noun was in lesson 2. Humu is the one that is more than that: it is "they" or "them" with u on its m, most often before al-, and it stands after li less often than it stands on its own, as hum, "they", of lesson 5 does.
Li with a pronoun
Before a pronoun, li is said la, except before -ī, "me", where it stays lī.
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هُۥhim, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Lahu is la and hu, "him". In the corpus's spelling hu is written with a small wāw that lengthens its vowel.
- لَّfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Lakum is la and kum, "you", more than two: "for you".
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هَاher, it (a thing called feminine)
Lahā is la and hā, "her" or "it", for a thing called feminine.
Bi with a pronoun
- بِwith, by, in
- هِۦhim, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Bihi is bi and hi, "him" or "it": "with it" or "by it". After i, the pronoun hu is said hi, as hum is said him.
In a sentence
You have a book.
This sentence was written for practice. Laka kitābun: "for you", laka, then "a book", with -un because it is not definite: "you have a book".
Reading
The words you know whole after this lesson are marked.
To Him belong all those who are in the heavens and earth; all are devotedly obedient to Him.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20They will groan therein with anguish, and they will not be able to hear anything.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20But if the right is in their favor, they come to him in full submission[1].
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20Recall
- How does Arabic say "he has"?
- How is li said before a pronoun?
- Why is it bihi and not bihu?
Answers: lahu, "for him"; la, but lī before -ī; after i, hu is said hi.
Next
The next lesson teaches the pronouns that stand on their own, "you", "we" and "they", and the dual: two people or things.
Word analysis: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)