Who, which, this, that, he and they
The words that point to a person or a thing, the pronouns that stand on their own, and the letter that asks a question.
Written and checked by AI
These lessons were written and checked by AI, and no teacher of Arabic has read them yet. The verses, their meanings and the analysis of every word are taken from their sources, which are named where they are shown.
- Words of the Qur’ān known whole
- 29.1%
- Parts of the Qur’ān’s words taught so far
- 56%
Counted from the Quranic Arabic Corpus: a word is known whole when every part of it has been taught. The counts say which words you have met, not how much you understand.
The second lesson's pronouns are joined to a word. Arabic also has pronouns that stand on their own, words that point ("this", "that"), and words that stand for a person or a thing ("who", "the one who"). This lesson teaches the commonest of them, and the one-letter word that turns a sentence into a question.
The new words
- ٱلَّذِىAs the Qur’ān writes it: ٱلَّذِينَ · ٱلَّذِى · لَّذِينَ
who, which, that: the one who
Times in the Qur’ān: 1464
- مَنAs the Qur’ān writes it: مَن · مَنْ · مَّن
who; the one who, whoever
Times in the Qur’ān: 871
- ذَٰلِكAs the Qur’ān writes it: ذَٰلِكَ · تِلْكَ · ذَٰلِكُمْ
that
Times in the Qur’ān: 520
- هَٰذَاAs the Qur’ān writes it: هَٰذَا · هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ · هَٰذَآ
this; these
Times in the Qur’ān: 318
- هُوَAs the Qur’ān writes it: هُوَ
he, it
Times in the Qur’ān: 481
- هُمْAs the Qur’ān writes it: هُمْ
they
Times in the Qur’ān: 585
- أَAs the Qur’ān writes it: أَ · ءَ
a question: it asks about what follows
Times in the Qur’ān: 513
The one who
Alladhī is "the one who" or "which", and it begins a description of someone or something. It changes its shape for the number and gender of who it describes: alladhīna is "those who".
- ٱلَّذِينَwho, which, that: the one who
The corpus gives alladhīna the lemma alladhī, and marks it as masculine and plural.
Man is "who". Most often in the Qur’ān it means "the one who" or "whoever"; less often it asks "who?".
This and that
Hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika is "that", for what is further off.
- ذَٰلِكَthat
This is my pen.
This sentence was written for practice. Hādhā qalamī: "this", then qalam, "pen", with ī, "my", from the second lesson. Arabic needs no word for "is" in a sentence like this one.
He and they
Huwa is "he" or "it", standing on its own, and hum is "they".
Say: “He is Allah, the One[1];
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20The second word of this verse is huwa. The corpus gives huwa no lemma; it names it by its person, gender and number, as it names the joined pronouns.
Asking
A-, the letter hamzah written on an alif and joined to the front of a word, makes a sentence a question.
- أَa question: it asks about what follows
- لَمْdid not (before a present verb, it denies the past)
A-lam is a-, the question, and lam, "did not", from the last lesson: "did … not?".
Reading
The words you know whole after this lesson are marked.
That is not difficult for Allah.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20that which they differ about[1].
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20and will never come out of it.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20Recall
- What is the difference between hādhā and dhālika?
- What lemma does the corpus give alladhīna?
- What does a- do at the front of a word?
Answers: hādhā is "this", for what is near, and dhālika "that", for what is further; alladhī; it makes the sentence a question.
Next
The next lesson teaches the first verbs: "said", "was", "made", "came" and "knew".
Word analysis: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)